tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-125473412024-03-14T05:32:47.055-07:00ALASKA CAFETO THE POINT SEAFOOD INDUSTRY NEWS AND ANALYSIS.
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To enter our XML feed into your RSS reader <a href="http://alaskacafe.blogspot.com/atom.xml"> click here.</a>Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comBlogger405125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-49279725717881294082014-11-25T11:10:00.000-08:002014-11-25T11:10:26.393-08:00A New Direction For The FisheriesDemocracy worked recently in the latest Gubernatorial race in Alaska in my opinion. Special interests lost and that's the way Alaskans wanted it. Since my interest and experience is in the fishing industry, and Regional Seafood Development Associations in particular, I'm referring to the need for the State of Alaska to be a lot more pro-active in RSDA development in Alaska. Because they work.<br />
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This piece is about democracy in the fisheries. The point is that the fish business has been not significantly different in result than when Stalin ordered increased production on the Amur River every year until there was practically nothing left. You know, that river in Siberia that Captain Cook tried to sail up and said he was "stopped by a shoale of salmon." I use this as a reference point as to how many salmon the North Pacific supported at one time. Now I hear that 2013 was the first year on record that there wasn't even an opening for salmon seiners to fish for real wild salmon in Southeast Alaska, and there was no commercial harvest of king salmon allowed on the mighty Yukon River. You might say, "but there are huge harvests of salmon by seiners in S.E. Alaska" Yes, but those are 'ocean ranched' salmon. Are we facing extinction in the many hundreds of salmon streams? Are we satisfied with a remnant few genetically strong salmon in the creeks? Since the National Marine Fisheries Service is ultimately responsible, is this federal underreach?<br />
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I don't think fishermen are satisfied with the situation. I talk to fishermen all the time, I had my own boat once and worked on many other boats and in the plants, in fish banking, government, and in marine equipment design and construction. The small boat fishermen that built the coastal communities in Alaska are bailing out all the time. Power plays in Juneau and at the NPFMC have decimated the fleet. This does not work. Is there a better way; to involve the small boat fishermen themselves on a continuous basis, and to guide the communities who depend on healthy fleets?<br />
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RSDAs were proposed in 1991 and it was finally put into a program fourteen years later. The RSDA program has it's own location on the State of Alaska web site. You can read all about it there. It's just that the State of Alaska hasn't been good at effecting it. To this day the folks in Kodiak don't know anything about it, and that small group of folks who like to keep their thumbs on things there like it just fine that way. In fact there are some there that want to co-opt an idea for community shares of the catch in the name of democracy, to form a fiefdom. It just gets stranger and more disruptive under the status quo.<br />
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But several regions of Alaska have gotten together and formed up RSDAs through the State program and are making real progress. The classic example is in Bristol Bay where their efforts put three million dollars in the back pockets of fishermen in their first year. They have also been pro-active in protecting themselves from threats to the habitat in the watershed itself. Prince William Sound is following suit. <br />
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This is a State government program that was effected to allow fishermen to help themselves in a democratic way. But you wouldn't believe how many people don't want to see democracy in the fisheries. This issue is why Alaskans got together and pushed for statehood in the first place. Seattle and San Francisco canning companies controlled the harvesting, processing and marketing, with the help of their lobbyists in Washington D.C. The theory that Alaskans couldn't manage their own affairs was disproved then and again when the Japanese said Americans could never make surimi from all our own bottomfish.<br />
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The existing RSDAs in Alaska are proving that fishermen can improve their own lot and the lot of the communities they live in. The State's only role is to collect a very small percentage of the catch, pool it by region, and give it back in a yearly lump sum to pay for things that benefit the gear groups that voted to join up in a region. Not all gear groups in a region need join the merry band. <br />
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If you are talking hope for the future, what hope do you see right now with salmon and halibut stocks failing? Compare that to the hope production associations offer. Ask the Florida orange growers, or the almond growers how it helped them. Or the Land-O-Lakes milk producers. Lots of intertwined issues only real fishermen understand. I've stated this all before, but now seems to be a good time to remind folks. The Governor Elect of Alaska wants to go in new directions to sort out various messes: well here's one idea that already has traction. No need to re-invent the wheel with lots of ideas that benefit just that many people. Just get the word out on how it works and work with some point fishermen a little closer.<br />
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Oh, and when you have a fishermen's meeting, for one gear group at a time, make it permit-holder only to keep the nay-sayers and shills out. That's been eating Alaska's fish and chips lunch to date. When it comes to regions of Alaska that don't have RSDAs, the old saying applies, "The curse causeless does not come."<br />
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There are no downside risks in forming a RSDA for the economy of a region. The upside is higher fish prices for all fishermen in the area, beating back external threats like Marine Protected Areas and other resource extraction industries that harm the fisheries, such as mining, inappropriate or weak marketing of the seafood harvest, the State of Alaska saves a lot of money in many aspects of prosecuting the fisheries, and the communities get a good take on what is really going on so as to guide their decision making. The State should do what it does best, offer scientific advice, organizational help, and introduce new technology. <br />
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Remember, the basis for all the privatization of the fish stocks is that the fishermen/owners have a vested interest in healthy stocks and the best ways to make money from those stocks. There's no going back on that now, so the way forward needs to be in sync with that philosophy. It's worked in countless other industries, just not in the fisheries, yet. Alaska can't afford to get it wrong, there is nowhere for these coastal communities to run, unlike in the Lower 48. Alaska just had a top-down Governor with all kinds of special interests, even in the fisheries, and we all saw how well that worked out. Not that he was the only governor to go down that path. I've been looking at this association concept since I was a loan officer at the Alaska Commercial Fishing and Agriculture Bank in the '80s and I think this new Administration would be encouraged in this if they took a hard, unbiased look at it.<br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-81545110420569106622014-07-24T10:27:00.001-07:002014-07-27T12:31:07.498-07:00Remote Kodiak Homestead For Sale<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Finley's 'Lindy II' with 10,500 lbs of cod aboard</td></tr>
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<![endif]-->John Finley, of Kodiak, Alaska, has written a piece, below, offering his ten acre homestead on the back side of Kodiak Island for sale. To preface that, let me add some comments as a long-time Alaskan myself. I've flown into that same bay on occasion to visit a salmon cannery that the bank I worked for was financing. You have to fly in on a float plane from Kodiak City. Coming over the ridge to drop down into Uganik Bay once, I saw the biggest black-tail deer I've ever seen. And I've seen hundreds in Southeast Alaska. It was only a fork-horn, but bigger by far than any four-point I'd seen. It had the body mass of a Mule deer. Hunters get excited about things like that.<br />
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And, of course, Kodiak Island has the largest brown bears in the world. The salmon streams are numerous, so the bears are numerous and well fed. And right across Shelikof Straits is the Alaska Peninsula with it's own large populations of brown bear, moose, caribou, etc., and it's twenty-pound rainbow trout. Now, this is just skimming the surface of the fish and game that inhabit the Gulf of Alaska region. And to get around you need a real skookum run-about.<br />
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With this property, and a high-performance boat, there's not much you couldn't do out there. I'm talking about putting legal trophies on the wall, doing research projects, maintaining a presence for any reason, maintaining a lack of presence, or just for the sake of living in the land there. Any sale will be strictly confidential. A Realtor in Kodiak will be selected to consummate the sale. John, and his son Locke, who is commercial fishing his dad's boat year around, are available for support of all kinds; hauling supplies, watching boats and the property, helping develop the land, advising on local issues and resources. John has been fishing these waters for forty plus years and has been active in local politics. John and Locke now live on a few acres 17 miles out the road from Kodiak City.<br />
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I can't describe in a book what it's like to live on, or venture from a property like this: it's much more than owning an island in the South Pacific. I've lived on several remote properties, and even on a remotely anchored ship or two. Every day is a chapter in a book. A single side-band radio will definitely will keep you connected to the outside world. You won't be getting phone calls, that's for sure, unless you have a satellite phone. There is a old salmon cannery with people present at the upper end of the bay, twenty miles distant, a thirty plus minute run in a speed-boat boat. There is a machine shop there, a seaplane base, and mail pick-up. I've been over every inch of that cannery. The Finley ten acres is in the protected location of at least one, maybe two, long gone salmon canneries, a vacated place called West Point Village and a good spot for anchoring boats, and old seaplanes.<br />
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Most of Kodiak Island is a National Wildlife Refuge now, so there's that, as John says. Good time to have a strong conservation presence on this side of the Island. There are issues all along the coast of Alaska, just like anywhere else. Maybe more, given the chance for archaeological work and other original endeavors. There are more pictures and information we could send a serious party.<br />
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Village Islands Homestead--Kodiak Island<br />
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by John Finley<br />
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About 1945 the property in question was homesteaded by Nan and Daniel Reed whose desire was to spend the rest of their lives living out of town and close to the land. They had the entire Kodiak Island to chose from. They were familiar with the Kodiak Archipelago and knew that places which might look good to the eye of most people were not suitable for year-round living in the sometimes harsh environment. To live year around and be comfortable and safe there's criteria that need to be met.<br />
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They chose Uganik Bay, basically for the same reason that I chose it 40+ years later. It's on the 'West Side,' or the 'Shelikof Side,' of Kodiak Island, the side that faces the Alaska Peninsula, rather than the 'East Side,' which faces the Gulf of Alaska and catches most of the rain and the biggest seas out of the Gulf. So there's that, twice the number of sunny days as the Gulf side of Kodiak Island. The only other bay on Kodiak Island that has this qualification is Uyak Bay, farther west down the island. It's nice also but has a large (for Kodiak) village called Larsen Bay, several canneries, and many people living here and there. It has a general feeling of 'civilized' which doesn't appeal to those who want a bush experience. Uyak Bay is also a lot farther from Kodiak where one has to go occasionally for supplies, not only a lot farther but also a whole lot rougher, out into the Shelikof Strait and around Cape Ugat, a place that catches a lot of bad weather. It's about 65 miles from Kodiak to Uganik but an additional 40 to Uyak. It's an easy passage from Uganik to Kodiak with places to stop along the way, about 8 hours by fishing boat, an hour or 2 by skiff, or 20 minutes by float plane.<br />
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Next they needed their homestead to be close to a harbor where they could keep their boat or skiffs safe and ready for use through the entire year. I commercial fished Uganik Bay summer and winter for years and I found it amazing that there were so few places to hide from the really big storms. About the best was, you guessed it, right in front of Nan and Dan's place, So, there's that. There's also a year around stream which enters the property at the top; good water. After meandering around the property it flows into the sea by the dock in front of the house.<br />
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" 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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">80 X 100 Fenced Garden Area</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
My family got to be good friends with Nan and Dan, sort of adopted actually, they taught us a lot about living in the area. They had first tried cattle and sheep raising but eventually found it was more trouble than it was worth. Domestic animals look like a free lunch to brown bears and besides, after they developed their large gardens, chicken flock, berry orchard, and with all sorts of things to eat from the sea (salmon all summer, cod, halibut and rock-fish year round) plus plentiful deer, clams, etc., they really didn't need that much income. So they just kept busy enjoying life but also always trying new things. For instance, after many efforts they found an apple tree that would survive and bear, virtually unheard of on Kodiak Island. It had apples the years I checked and the first thing I would do if I was moving down there would be to take starts from those trees and start some more because you can't have too many apples in a country where you can grow no fruit other than berries. <br />
<br />
As for the garden, Nan and Dan piled on the mulch over forty years there. That makes that garden the best plot for growing something that I know of on Kodiak Island. The big volcanic eruption a hundred years ago blanketed the island with ash and killed the soil. The new soil is only about an inch or two deep. So, the garden will grow food, providing the deer are kept out.<br />
<br />
Our family moved to Kodiak when it was time for the kids to start school, it's been 10 years since I've even visited the place so I should add that I don't know how the apple trees are doing these days. I'm still in Uganik Bay occasionally but always commercial fishing, so I never feel I can take the time to go ashore. My son has been there to take pictures for the sale, but my whole family has their new interests now and we've decided to sell the land. I'm so thankful my kids were able to spend some important formative years there. It's a very peaceful place. <br />
<br />
As far as buildings, there is the main house that needs work and a small house in good shape (approximately 24 by 24) to live in while a person is doing it. There's a large (for Kodiak) barn that's still sound and a few other small buildings that don't amount to much. It's been almost 20 years since anyone has lived there on a permanent basis and it's on the market for the first time since it was homesteaded in 1945. If you'd like more info or pictures of the land please call owner John Finley at 907-486-3849 or John Enge at 541-601-6904. The lat/long of the land is 53 46 and 153 32 if you Google Earth, or I can (I think) email Google Earth pictures showing routes and locations.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" 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" 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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Main House</td></tr>
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-6319319055119669912014-07-12T12:01:00.001-07:002014-07-16T10:02:54.108-07:00A Great Fisherman Throttles BackWhen great Alaskans run into trouble, a lot of the time we take a wait and see attitude instead of being pro-active. In this case I'm talking about long-time Kodiak fisherman and community advocate, John Finley. (Some of the greatest fishermen, in my book anyway, haven't acquired the biggest boats. John is one these.) It was hard for him being a lone, or unaffiliated, advocate. If you want to keep at it, you have to be like a politician and get a paying gig and then hope you can get out what you really want to say in the midst of all the things you don't want to do. In the end, the lone wolf often ends up like Nikola Tesla, alone in a hotel room.<br />
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John recently got on Medicare and now is being taken care of in Anchorage at the Hickel House. John has given a lot of his own time to the State and I refuse to wait to write this testament to his life, until later. Besides that, for any Christians reading this, I want to remind that "the fervent, effective prayers of the righteous availeth much." John could use any help at this point in his life.<br />
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" /><br />
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The 'Lindy II with 10,500 pound of Pacific cod aboard</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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His son Locke is fishing the boat these days for a scrap of halibut quota they have and what Pacific cod he can get. These guys are the ones I was able to find that could ship 'bled' and blast frozen halibut fillets to us here in Oregon. You just don't know halibut until you've had 'bled' halibut, and Locke is a fanatic about it. But it might be too late for them to exercise this passion as the halibut resource plunges deeper and deeper. I'm talking about numbers of fish here, of course. The cod? The jury is still out on them. Locke tried his hand at beach seining, but wild stocks are down: the focus is on ocean ranching in Alaska, since it's too hard to manage all the thousands of individual salmon streams, or so it seems.<br />
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Some of his notable accomplishments include authoring the plan to manage the Pacific cod in the Gulf of Alaska. (Even though others took credit for it.) And being the principal advocate for ending the joint ventures that had trawlers delivering cod ends to foreign factory ships after the '200 Mile Limit Law' went into effect. John felt these fish needed to all come to an Alaska community for processing and marketing. <br />
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When John first came to Alaska, he wanted to fish halibut, but that iconic cannery-man, Winn Brindel, told him, "we don't buy any halibut." Kodiak was enthralled with it's king crab at that time, earning it's reputation as 'The King Crab Capital of the World,' and it's abundance of wild salmon. Going way back, the Karluk River had sixteen canneries and a beach seine set could net 100,000 sockeye salmon. The very first commercial fishing regulation in Alaska was enacted here by the canneries themselves, providing for turns in setting the seines. There are only memories of commercial fishing the Karluk now and the king crab are all gone. But when John first landed in town, he got a crew chance on the 'Pacific Lady,' owned and operated by that iconic pioneer king crab fisherman, Ole Harder.<br />
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John always lived life to the fullest and it wasn't long before he was setting crab pots from his own boat and seining for salmon. He was the first fisherman in Kodiak who gave a woman a chance as a crewmember. I think John was tempered greatly by his mother who was a Registered Nurse and his upbringing in that wide open country called Montana. In fact, he thinks he was the first organic farmer there, starting his first ranch/farm at the ripe old age of nineteen. After some travel that included Europe and Mexico, and trying to start a health resort, the whole wide open North Pacific was urgently calling.<br />
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I think John was always outspoken, so it was natural that he started writing letters to the editor of the Kodiak Daily Mirror. He had good friends in many quarters and many didn't like the power politics of the few. He led efforts to stop the privatization of the fish resources. He ran for the State Legislature, without a campaign, and nearly won. Back then, privatization wasn't an accepted fact like it is now. The losers in privatization always go away, never to be heard from again. It works out real nifty for the winners that way.<br />
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He had a following of his letters up and down the West Coast, but he was hitting too close to home for some. So in the summer of 2008, someone just bought the Kodiak Daily Mirror and declined to publish any more letters to the editor about fishing. In one of the largest fishing ports in the U.S.! It wasn't like John didn't try work within other groups trying to create more opportunities for the regular family fisherman and get more product into the local communities. It's just that most of the time someone would co-opt the organization for their own gain and throw everyone else under the bus.<br />
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Limited Entry has always been the blueprint for success in privatization, albeit not nearly as 'private' a privilege as quota shares. When John took a delegation down to Juneau to oppose it, which was watched state-wide, some of his compatriots just took a permit and flew home, leaving the delegation much reduced. The back-story of the privatization of the Alaska fisheries is the epitome of the saying, 'the devil is in the details.' Maybe if it was more widely known that this wasn't exactly a democratic process, privatization wouldn't be so popular. But then one look at Congress and it's pretty obvious, about democracy, that is.<br />
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So, like Nicola Tesla, John met his Thomas Edison in the form of the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council 'family.' That extended organization with roots in the boardrooms of Seattle. But John ultimately bought a Hanson built wood troller/longliner for fishing halibut and P. cod. He was forced back into the three-mile line around Kodiak by regulations for his cod, and his halibut quota has shrunk and shrunk down to a fraction of what he figured was an OK amount for him and his son.<br />
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Well, he left for Anchorage this week and the fight of his life, with a new laptop and a box of books. He plans to read 'The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' for the third time and maybe some more of a favorite historical figure, Frederick the Great. If he had had the resources, I think he would have first gone down to San Diego to his favorite wellness center, staffed by many people who have beat cancer by going there.<br />
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This is by no means an eulogy; he has promised to send me starts from his gooseberry bushes, the root stock of that famous gooseberry wine he makes. Nothing better than a shot of it after getting a chill on a cold winters day. And I still need him to guide me through building a chicken enclosure to move around a field of comfrey. He has some of the best ideas. And they have been researched to the max. I know that he was loathe to leave his infra-red warmed mattress in the house he built himself, with solar heating and a foot of sawdust in the walls. And his dried halibut, and gooseberry and home-ground six-grain sourdough pancakes. <br />
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John lived on a homestead in Uganik Bay, on the back side of Kodiak Island, for a number of years. His ten acres has a good anchorage, protected by the Village Islets. A lush compound in the midst of wild Alaska. There is a cannery complex at the head of the bay, with mail service and human presence, but other than that he shared the country with only Sitka black-tail deer and the famous Kodiak brown bears, the biggest bears in the world. And now he wants to sell it. Offered to the sturdy of heart only, not to mention the sturdy of pocketbook, because you'd need a good rig to get around on the water. My apple orchardist friend from Eastern Washington has the perfect boat for sale for this type of thing; a high endurance, custom welded aluminum Alaskan cabin cruiser. Think charter cruiser on steroids. Anyone interested in a good 'bug-out' site could contact me for more details. Locke would take care of things, too, if need be.<br />
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I've probably lost most readers by now, so I'll wrap it up. John recently send me some bottles of his gooseberry wine in exchange for a e-cigarette outfit. In the bottom of the box was a ten by ten inch piece of three quarter inch plywood from his boat, the 'Lindy II,' installed 90 years ago. Hanson built this boat for himself and put in all the best materials available. The fuel tanks were iron, not steel, aluminum or fiberglass. I could go on and on, but this piece of plywood is still sound and smells just like all the old wooden boats I've been on; hints of fish, oil and rust, combined with salt air and bacon and coffee. I'm thinking of making a men's cologne in the scent. In the least I'll put a brass plaque on it and hang it in my nautical guest room right over the bed so my older Alaska guests will feel right at home. <br />
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John doesn't want sympathy cards, just your best thoughts. I don't have his new number yet, and he will be checking his e-mails soon. Thanks for your time. <br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-80509048452854664902014-06-17T19:09:00.000-07:002014-06-17T19:10:18.154-07:00Community Fisheries" US Secretary of State John
Kerry sounded the alarm Monday on the perils facing the world's oceans,
calling for a global strategy to save the planet's life-giving seas.<br />
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1403056185543_1349">
"Let's
develop a plan" to combat over-fishing, climate change and pollution,
Kerry urged as he opened a two-day conference in Washington bringing
together world leaders, scientists and industry captains."</div>
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How can structural change in industry participation in the management of fisheries ensure sustainability? Much of the media is reporting the National Marine Fisheries Service assertion that more stocks are being rebuilt all the time. This trivializes the collapse of a number of very iconic and economic valuable fish populations like East coast cod, North Pacific halibut and Alaska king and chum salmon. The TV reality show, 'Deadliest Catch,' belies the fact that it is filmed in one of the only remaining areas of Alaska waters that have any king crab left at all. Dozens of stocks of that very valuable link in the marine food chain, Pacific herring, have vanished.<br />
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The situation is not getting any better, with salmon seiners and longliners taking fish in closed waters all the time. One comment I heard about the apprehending of a noted longliner, one who was favored to be the HEAD of the National Marine Fisheries Service, was that now all the boats ............. will be throwing their plotters overboard. Of course the electronic plotters carry a record of where they have been fishing. And then there are the mid-water trawlers who scoop up squid by the tens of millions of pounds, king and chum salmon by the tens of thousands of individuals, and even herring, in their quest for a <u>very</u> low valued fish that they have a permit to catch and sell. And the bottom trawlers who, according to Oregon State University researchers, extinguish 30% of the species complex of the bottom area they drag their nets over.<br />
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The outgoing Chairman of the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council is an Alaskan from a Western Alaska village. You'd think there could be some restraint with his presence. What we heard when the king salmon by-catch was set so high by the 'Council,' was Eric Olsen stating, "This isn't over." However he voted for the high by-catch rate. Why was that? I do know that when I worked in the Commercial Fisheries Development office in Juneau, the boss said the lobbyist for the big fish companies come around and threaten anyone's job that gets out of line.<br />
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The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council calls itself the 'Council Family.' So does the Gambino or Columbo organizations. You get the point. Iterating the problem and offering an alternative isn't going to make the problem go away. There are thousands of people in the Alaska fishing industry alone who rely on the system's status quo. And they donate to political campaigns and have lots and lots of lobbyists.<br />
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I just came back from the East Coast and a visit to an old fish blogger friend who had given up on fish. My posts here are getting fewer and farther apart as well. Other leading transparency and fairness advocates in the fisheries have all but given up jousting at windmills too. There are still commentators on fish issues to fill the airwaves and newsprint, but they don't fall into the transparency and fairness category for one good reason, there isn't any money in being a lone crusader. There is no organization for economic fainess and sustainability. maybe John Kerry can get one going, but I'm not holding my breath.<br />
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So getting back to the lack of an organizational structure for community minded fishermen and fish advocates, the NPFMC recently told the crab fishermen in Nome that they needed a platform to get together and resolve the issue of limiting entry into that fishery. There is no danger to the fishery with the overall catch limit in place. The only risk is to the bigger boats that might have a hard time catching enough fish to sustain their higher overhead operations. Is that a reason for Washington D.C. to get involved? This is a classic need for collaboration on the local level. And there is a solution.<br />
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I've outlined the Regional Seafood Development Association program of the Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development before. Whatever people think of Ex-Governor Murkowski, he implemented this program administratively, coincidentally right after I wrote a 15 page letter to him. Several of the richest fishing areas of Alaska have joined the program to help the fishermen in those areas now. In Bristol Bay, the immediate beneficial impact amounted to an increase in value of fishermen's catch of three million dollars a year. Prince William Sound is following suit.<br />
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Why aren't more areas of Alaska seeing the light? Well, it's hard for such fiercely independent folk like fishermen to join forces for one thing. For another, some folk that put themselves up as fishermen's representatives are mostly looking for a paycheck or a feather in their cap, both being socially acceptable these days. These folk aren't much interested in a democratically oriented organization.<br />
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In Kodiak, for example, some folk are seeking a quota of fish for 'community purposes.' Of course they would administer it and charge fishermen 5 to 10% just to get some of that quota. In an RSDA, fishermen pay a small fraction of that, which is collected by the State and paid back to the organization's elected leaders to promote ongoing and future programs. If the Feds or the State gave a fish allotment to an individual region, the fishermen and the communities would do vastly better with an RSDA as a platform for administering it.<br />
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That's it in a nutshell. I've talked about RSDAs on this blog before and it's all here. In Kodiak, about half the fishermen are leaning toward a community quota as proposed by a couple of folks so they have a job. The other half aren't so sure. None that I've heard of know of the benefits of RSDAs. There was one attempt to explain it to them that I know of and a dragger lobbyist shot down the idea, confusing it with goundfish cooperatives, and the presenter didn't rebut it. A RSDA doesn't need to include all gear groups in a region for one thing. But the State hasn't been very forthcoming about the advantages of the program either. And Kodiak Marine Expo organizers haven't made much of an attempt to invite program managers in Juneau to speak to the subject either.<br />
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It's a big issue in Kodiak now that the draggers are scooping up everything and much of it is done by factory ships that head back to Seattle. When the vast Pacific ocean perch stocks were being given away, no thought was given to the economy of Alaska. And I don't know where the Alaska representatives on the Council were then either. The current administration has been terrible for Alaska fishermen. On the other side of the that coin, a former Yakutat leader who is running for Governor protected the herring stocks in Yakutat Bay from overharvest by a big Seattle fish company. I was there at the time. That was in 1971. The company was critical of him for shutting down the herring roe fishery in that bay, and being a naive college student and 'company man,' I went along with the 'company line.'<br />
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I recently saw a special on our first astronaut, and he was selected for good reason. He used the term "our best thoughts" to characterize the challenge to move forward successfully. This is a good time for fishermen in Kodiak and elsewhere to use 'their best thoughts' to solve their and their communities' problems in accessing fish stocks sustainably and processing them locally.<br />
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Community minded fishermen often need help from community minded public servants. I must say that Mr. Mallot is the only community leader I've seen stick up for his community. I'm talking about 'gittin 'er done,' not just making a show of it. Wouldn't that be a change from recent history, to get a Alaska governor who cared about coastal Alaska and the continuity of the traditions that build the towns to begin with.<br />
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Some of these traditions entailed hard work and a lot of personal involvement. Maybe it's not well known that in Southeast Alaska, some Alaska Natives built their own seiner-longliners. I for one would sure like to see a turnaround in the direction coastal Alaska is going.<br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-82009446601814131572014-03-13T09:11:00.002-07:002014-03-13T10:03:05.469-07:00A CFA or an RSDA for Community Benefit from the FisheriesIn the Magnuson - Stevens Act that was enacted to provide a framework to manage the fisheries in the 200 miles of fish rich waters around U.S. shores, there is an intent to protect the fishing communities themselves. Not just the fishermen, but the downtown businesses, the tax coffers that fund roads, schools, etc, and the airlines and everything else that makes a community viable. Later, 'community fishing entities' wording was inserted as an idea to help in this process. This is a look at a current proposal for a 'community fishing entity' which is untried and untested and then a look at an existing State of Alaska program that would do the same thing.<br />
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Community leaders throughout the coastal communities in Alaska, from Nome to Ketchikan, have bemoaned the fact that fishing doesn't contribute nearly what it once did to the vitality of their communities. The old saying comes to mind, "The curse causeless does not come." There has been a death to the communities by a thousand cuts, and it's not the fault of school teachers or hardware store cherks I can guarantee. Most malaise has come at the hands of the politics of the Federal fisheries management system.<br />
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Flying in the face of the commonly hyped sound bite, "the fisheries of the North Pacific are the best managed in the world," many high valued stocks are at record low abundances. Some are entirely gone, or at non-fishable levels, and large swaths of the ecosystem, small feed fish and bottom ecology, are being clear-cut. In short, the jury is still out on North Pacific fisheries management. 'The Management Act' is undergoing review as we speak and some folks are lining up to effect changes. But are these changes for the better? We don't think that the fish processors' attempt to get Congress to give them 'rights' to the swimming fish will help. Maybe it will help employ more low wage third-world fishermen on company boats, but that doesn't help Alaska communities.<br />
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There is also an attempt to form a community fishing association in Kodiak now, with the stated goal of getting more fish to family fishermen to get more dollars circulating in the community. One North Pacific Council member has been employed (no conflict here, move along) to steer benefit toward the little villages around Kodiak Island. (Not a bad idea, since they were there first) So, for Kodiak folks to want to do the same is logical. But are these efforts steeped in sound business management principles or just knee-jerk reactions to the big Seattle trawl fleet and Seattle processors freezing them out?<br />
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More particularly, a couple of folks in Kodiak want to form a thing they call a Community Fishing Association to receive quota shares of fish stocks, before they are all given away to someone else, to distribute to local family fishermen. To give younger fishermen a better chance of working into their own operations. That's about the end of the feel-goodness of it. Like coveting a honey-comb made by wild African honey bees, it could get painful before any rewards are realized, if any.<br />
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I was going to revamp my prior post on this subject, but I think I should just take a fresh approach, for another coffee break. And I don't like to re-read my stuff either. Being that the devil is in the details, most people don't like to delve into the details at all. It's flat uncomfortable. But lots of folks are paid good tax dollars to do just that, so here goes.<br />
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First of all, there are no Community Fishing Associations in the United States to copy the business plan from. This partly explains why the Alaska Marine Conservation Council, who has come up with this name, and a direction to send maybe millions of dollars worth of quota shares, has no business plan. They do, however, mention that they would need a 5% to 10% commission on the value of the landings to 'manage' the program. And that would be a program that they would make up as they go along and fumble to decide who gets what quota afterward, except their commission, of course. Sounds more like a dictatorship to me. And believe me, you're not talking about rocket scientists that are proposing this. I won't go into the gory details on that. But let me try to shorten the pain of reading all this by using a bullet format on a CSA and then on a Regional Seafood Development Association, a program that is already in law and ready for any area of Alaska to adopt to do the same thing.<br />
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<ul>
<li>'Community' is not a valid term for this, as the proponents have been secretive about it. They didn't get the advice of the community or even experts on the subject. Reminds me of the 'Good Neighbors Farmers' group here in Southern Oregon who represents a Swiss bio-chemical and seed company that want to grow GMO crops. They could then sue the organic farmers whose crops get cross-pollinated, for patent infringement. Over 150 farmers have been sued already and the farmers never win. </li>
<li>AMCC doesn't represent any fishermen, much less 'the community.' Would 'community' in their eyes be the few boats that they give quota to and delivered to a floater so they could stay out longer? Would it be the waterfront of Kodiak, or all the communities on Kodiak Island? Or would it mean the communities around their region of the Gulf of Alaska, or wherever it is that the guy lives that offers the highest lease fees for the quota they get who fished in Kodiak area waters?.</li>
<li>AMCC does not fish, so the term 'Fisheries' does not apply either. They would sit in an office and just reap an inordinately large cut of other people's earnings for doing no further work.</li>
<li>The term 'Association' has no real meaning at this point because there is no organization filed with the State, with it's Articles of Incorporation and By-laws, whether for-profit or non-profit, with this name. There isn't any transparency. This could be one of the biggest scams you ever heard of.</li>
<li>The proponents at AMCC recieved a grant to do this. ENGOs have been supporting consolidation of fishing privileges and hence poorer communities. The communities were built from not having a few at the top.</li>
<li>AMCC does not have a track record of helping the family fishermen as they imply with this program. To be plain, it seems like a program to get them good salaries. Kodiak would probably be better served if they pushed for historic and equitable crew shares. How is a young fisherman going to come up with maybe three million dollars for a boat and gear to go get a little piece of trawl quota? Seems like just joining the club. What about more eco-friendly gear types that would let a young fisherman get out fishing affordably; there are a number of them.</li>
<li>AMCC has not compared their proposal to other things that have been done to improve community fisheries development, such as RSDAs, or how Iceland put hundreds(?) of small fishermen back to work after the World Health Organization said catch shares violates human rights. Nor have they weighed in on the shore-based processors' attempt to gain fishing privileges. Seems like a free-for-all of grabbing for quota going on and real short on cooperation. Come to think of it, I haven't heard a peep out of any actual fishermen or 'potential family fishermen.' Well, maybe I'm speaking for my three boys at-arms who have fished commercially in Alaska and might want to do it again, continuing the hundreds of years of family tradition.</li>
<li>'Fishermen' is a broad term; like fish, there are all kinds. We are reminded that the Federal fisheries 'Council System' was supposed to be 'members of the industry' for their expertise. Now it's over-dominated by folks who never go out on boats: Federal agency folk, reps from Washington and Oregon, and folks representing not themselves, but special interest groups. The AMCC folks may be former fisherfolk, but they are strictly a Kodiak organization because the folks who run it live there and don't weigh in on state-wide issues. They also live on grant funds. Kodiak politicians and the State Legislature should be concerned that AMCC is representing an ENGO and not the community of Kodiak.</li>
<li>AMCC says they have Federal attorneys advising them. Where are these opinions in writing, since we taxpayers paid for them? If this was legit, these opinions would be included in the package with the business plan and risk analysis, which of course don't exist either.</li>
<li>This organization would not have any sort of critical mass of political power, to be honest. The fishermen and the program would have a tenuous existence at best. Sure, they could get some quota later even, like the CDQ groups did in the Bering Sea, but they aren't likely to get such a percentage of the overall quota. AMCC is asking for crumbs basically. They could all possibly get together and deliver their catches to their own plant, but these are small family fishermen, remember, and not ones to be able to finance a processing operation, aka, market power.</li>
<li>This plan might not pass IRS muster as it would probably be a non-profit corporation in ownership of a public marine resource. This is not allowed, nor has it ever been approved by fishermen.</li>
</ul>
I won't beat a dead horse to death here, so let me address the question that has been posed, "Well, what else can we do?" That's the same question that was posed to me by the Mayor of Cordova after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. I was working in the State Dept. of Commerce... at the time and had just finished a draft of a Small Processors Association white paper to help fishermen vertically integrate. I got the idea from a former Executive Director of Florida Citrus Mutual who had come to Alaska on our bank's behest to introduce their business model. It took fifteen years, but it is in State law now, there are liaison people in Juneau that can tell you all about it, and several regions of Alaska have already formed one for their area. Their communities are thriving and the fleets are robust. One new venture is projected to spend around $25 million dollars in the next year or two in one of the communities (Naknek). So, let me do a bullet for RSDAs too so I don't ramble on.<br />
<ul>
<li>A <b><a href="http://commerce.alaska.gov/dnn/ded/DEV/FisheriesDevelopment/RegionalSeafoodDevelopmentAssociations.aspx">Regional Seafood Development Association</a></b> can bring stability to a region's communities, attracting investment, as stated above.</li>
<li>There is a critical mass of fishermen in the association to give a single voice for the impact that has to the benefit to the communities in which the fishermen live in the region. Communities in a region have existing good working relationships through Borough governments and other State and regional economic development organizations. </li>
<li>The proponents of the RSDA can include whatever gear groups in the region they want to include. Keeping in mind the critical mass concept; the more the better. I just don't know about inviting the lions to sit with the lambs to start with. In Kodiak's case, that would be the trawlers. AMCC has proposed there be one trawler on their Board.</li>
<li>The State requires a business proposal, not your Harvard Business school type, but some write-up on what this is all about and how it's going to be run. They want to see a fishermen-led organization; we still are a democracy after all.</li>
<li>A small percentage of the settlement checks are sent to the State by the buyers and then the State sends these back to the Region in a lump sum. Financing of the organization is secure this way. The State has given out hefty grants to get these started.</li>
<li>The State knows it's as hard to organize fishermen as it is to herd chickens, so they only require 30% of the permit holders to vote and then a 51% majority of these will kick things off. And if it flops for lack of interest, then it just flops. But big money interests have and will try to short-circuit such an effort. In Florida there was a fight in the legislature over the retraction of the start-up money for the orange growers association. It was the orange growers who, after they got organized, invented ways to market fresh oranges and fresh orange juice all over the world and not just in Florida, or put in a can and retorted. Let me put that a different way, the processors did none of the marketing breakthroughs the primary producers needed. Same thing happened with the almond growers, they got together and formed the very successful Blue Diamond brand, spurred by processing breakthroughs they made themselves.</li>
<li>An RSDA takes in fishermen who are trying to get their feet under them and also the ones who are successful and want to vertically integrate their businesses. They all end up helping each other. We've all heard the reports on how stress is tearing apart the communities along the coast of Alaska due to privatization, well this is one way to reduce that stress of uncertainty and stagnation..</li>
<li>Unlike the mythical CSAs, which currently and proposed, are single gear type and very limited in scope, RSDAs can be all-encompassing of fishermen in a region. The State of Alaska has set up the regions, check it out. The promise is that fishermen in a region have a forum to work out their differences, fisherman to fisherman, and not lobbyist to lobbyist, moderated by Washington D.C. or Juneau. A unified voice in these other forums from a region packs a lot of punch. That is missing now. In Bristol Bay, the RSDA finally came out against the Pebble Mine and now the EPA is on-board with the region in it's efforts to save the fishery.</li>
<li>With a larger membership base, the RSDA model is known for innovation in all aspects of the industry. Alaska processors have been in charge of product development and marketing for the whole history of the fishing industry in Alaska for the most part, but fishermen have more incentive to improve on this for their sake and that of their communities. Processors make the same profit margin, low, so as to limit competing processors, hence there is no incentive to re-tool the product or the marketing.</li>
<li>RSDAs are a logical entity to accept community quota shares of fisheries, whether allocated by the NPFMC or financed by someone like the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority, the Commercial Fishing and Agriculture Bank or the Division of Investments. RSDAs are guaranteed to always have democratically appointed someone capable of keeping the lights on, and writing business plans that ensure success. (Processors' whole thing is about getting their hands on as much product as possible.)</li>
<li>There is no narrow focus on what an RSDA can do for a Region. They can do whatever they can think of to do to help themselves: the existing ones started out by increasing ice capacity with floating ice barges to increase the quality of the fish and hence the price. In Bristol Bay, they estimate the extra ice added $3 million to the back pockets of fishermen in one year. With a wide membership base of all the fishermen in multiple gear groups, they could effectively lead the charge on pioneering new fisheries, protecting and enhancing old ones, making breakthroughs in gear research, interfacing with scientists better, and the list goes on and on. These things only increase employment opportunities and only step in when nobody else is doing it. With the failure of the MSA to protect communities, there is a real buzz to get fishing permits and quota into the hands of a true community entity. This is a big and highly visible issue in Alaska now after decades of privatization of the fish resources, consolidating rights into fewer and fewer hands; mostly out-of-state hands. If the processors are successful in their bid for fishing 'rights' after years of trying, the problem is compounded for communities.</li>
<li>With a good Board of Directors of boots-on-deck boat owners in an area, they can select someone to be the day-to-day point man. He doesn't do anything the fishermen don't want done. It's fairly straightforward though as fishermen are looking to enhance their returns on investment and maybe accident insurance. Some vessel insurance pools have come out of things like this.</li>
<li>Decisions on what to do to improve things are made in due process, not up front without transparency and collaboration. </li>
</ul>
The RSDA model goes back to the 1930s in the U.S. The 'non-CFA' concept hasn't ever been tried and there are no particulars on it. Cape Cod and Morro Bay are places that are used as examples of a CFA, but they are totally different than the Kodiak proposal and very different from each other. And they are supported like charities by Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations for very narrow purposes.<br />
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I brook no ill will towards the folks at AMCC; ill will is like expecting poison you take to affect the other person. While I'm doing analogies, another quota program seems like a repeat of the 'big privatization mistake.' And everyone knows the definition of insanity, about repeating the same thing over and over and expecting different results. The difference between an RSDA and a 'CFA' is the difference between a having a tank and hand-to-hand combat. <br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-62829725876192605682014-03-06T09:52:00.000-08:002014-03-06T11:04:15.213-08:00Council Business or Monkey BusinessTwo things are on the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council's mind these days, splitting up the loot in the Gulf of Alaska and the dumping of multitudes of species that the trawlers and longliners catch secondary to their target species. I first have to scratch my head at the underlying disconnect between reality and the original intent of the Magnuson-Stevens Marine Fisheries Management and Conservation Act of 1976 of using professional fishermen to man the management council for their expertise.<br />
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Full-time, boots-on-deck fishermen just don't have the time for the homework and travel. Fishermen's organizations get their lobbyists to represent them on the Council if they are a big enough organization. The little fishermen's organizations rarely are represented. And lots of the business of the council is geared to tell which fishermen can go fishing and which can't. That's part of the current Council agenda, and always will be.<br />
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The Gulf of Alaska is a massive area and some fish stocks, like the Pacific ocean perch, is still up for grabs. Now that's a real simplistic way of explaining a massively complicated situation that few people understand. And those Councilors are being paid by someone, of course. But in the current give-away, there seems to be some room to give a few crumbs to the little guys in that iconic fishing port, Kodiak. Maybe it could be part of the grand bargain. And the Alaska Marine Conservation Council is lining up the steer things Kodiak's way. Or maybe partly their way, if they get to manage the program.<br />
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The thing that worries me about AMCC is that they have stood by all these years while the family fishermen were getting shut out. They sure haven't been getting their funding from family fishermen. I was just watching a Matt Damon movie about fracking and how the gas company used both a front man and a fake environmental organization to influence a town. Got me a little worried about AMCC. After all, when a friend penned the Pacific cod regulations for State waters in the Gulf and they were mostly adopted, the AMCC took credit for it.<br />
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Drop back in time to 1991 when I penned the outline for the current <b><a href="http://commerce.alaska.gov/dnn/ded/DEV/FisheriesDevelopment/RegionalSeafoodDevelopmentAssociations.aspx">Regional Seafood Development Association program</a></b> while in the employ of the then State Department of Commerce. and Economic Development. I watched it get strong-armed, co-opted, stalled, and others taking credit for it. Governor Murkowski made it a state program when it looked like pink salmon fishermen were only going to get a little more than a thank-you for their fish. The model is well represented in the U.S. and across the globe. Several regions of Alaska have organized RSDAs. No need to reinvent the wheel.<br />
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But now AMCC is seemingly reinventing the wheel with their proposed Community Fishing Association idea. The specifics are fuzzy, well, because it's not a well tested model and one hasn't been done in Alaska. There is one in Cape Cod, but that is being supported by the heirs of Shell Oil and they don't have a multitude of gear groups. The Council has held workshops on it now. Giving a CFA to Kodiak, maybe run by AMCC, would give quota shares of some select fish stocks, the ones that aren't already spoken for that is, to a group of fishermen with recent history of fishing. Maybe not any pioneers of the fisheries like the other IFQ programs went. But that's another thing altogether. The big companies would get everything they wanted except for this little slice of the pie. And don't forget, a RSDA could be a CFA as a sideline.<br />
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Maybe a CFA would help, but I'm reminded of the old saw about the Dems and the Repubs. The Rebublicans propose a crappy program out of the blue where no fix is needed and the Dems counter-propose something less crappy to derail it and to maybe get some brownie points now that it's all the squawk. And that makes a tolerable situation worse. What if a CFA in Kodiak was just to quiet the dissent over a massive give-away and the little that Kodiak got wasn't enough. Unlike an RSDA, a CSA of limited scope would not be democratic, not be able to raise funds from it's membership automatically, or have much political clout. But then political clout isn't something anyone with it willingly hands over. You'd really see true colors come out if you proposed giving half the POP quota to longline and pot fishermen and let the trawlers have everything else. Not to mention dingtle-bar fishermen, which is probably the best way to catch them in terms of by-catch and efficiency.<br />
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You might be wondering why I mention Pacific ocean perch so much, a little known species, that's sent almost strictly to Japan. The Japanese know good fish, I guarantee. But the value of it all might be easily as much as the Bristol Bay salmon harvest and that's the thing to keep in mind. Think 'under the radar.' The foreign fleets, prior to the 200 mile limit law, took up to 700,000 metric tons a year. The stocks crashed and are now coming back strong.<br />
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That brings us back to how to ensure the community of Kodiak reaps some of this largess of nature they were founded on. God knows they need it: downtown Kodiak has gotten as bad off as all the other little coastal towns under the storm clouds of privatization, but nobody wants to address that. What is the right way forward? Although that statement probably gets lots of the same reaction as when I mentioned doing the right thing while working in State government: guffaws.<br />
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The real hot topic at the NPFM Council these days is by-catch, and that's because trawlers catch lots of the high value fish that are earmarked for other fishermen and the public, and those stocks are crashing. Sometimes the trawl industry will throw out a red herring, pardon the pun, and blame the stock crashes on the lack of an obscure herring-like fish that nobody could find much of anyway, going back many decades. The pot really shouldn't call the kettle black. The trawlers caught and dumped over 17 million pounds of squid one year, which are certainly king salmon food. Most of what the king salmon trollers use for an artificial bait looks just like a squid, down to the phosphorescent eyes.<br />
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And sometimes a trawler will catch a hundred tons of herring by accident and have to throw them back. They joke about the squid as being the bane of 'The Calamari Triangle.' The rest of the by-catch just gets a ho-hum. Even when they have caught up to around 400,000 salmon in a year. That was a bad year of course and isn't talked about. Maybe the reason the by-catch of king salmon has dropped is because they thinned them out so bad. I do have sources for these numbers and wish I could get officials to talk more. Or get more observer coverage on the decks of the trawlers. Very low coverage has been the norm, even though the public has been calling for full coverage for years.<br />
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I've covered much of this in my blog over a period of years. Nothing changes. An old running partner of mine just contacted me after decades of not much word with the announcement that he had to bail out of halibut fishing. There have been and are still lots of these little halibut fishing operations. With the current stock crash in halibut those quotas will all go real fast now to the big boats that grandfathered in and don't have Q payments. And you can project what will ultimately happen. Think Omega, that does all the menhaden fishing and processing on the East coast.<br />
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For a real eye-opener on halibut by-catch, go to the Tholepin blog. He has lots of pictures of what snow crab and halibut by-catch looks like. Maybe before the Council starts using bandaids like they are doing, they should do the economic impact analysis of it all that they promised many, many years ago. They would be bringing out the tourniquets instead. But of course anything useful they do now will highlight the political control the trawlers have over the Council. But don't feel bad, nobody has been able to get the big banks under control either.<br />
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The only hopeful note I can leave is that one key person in a big fish company I know told me "I don't agree with those guys." Meaning the upper management. So, go into the fish business if you got that burning desire, but have your eyes wide open. After all Sergeant York at first refused service in the U.S. Army during WWI, but then when he did feel the call to go in he became our most memorable hero of that war. <br />
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OK, Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-7202799362769109152014-02-19T12:36:00.000-08:002014-02-19T12:36:04.320-08:00The Last Territorial Governor PassesAlaska's last Territorial Governor, Mike Stepovich, was only Governor a couple of years, but he was in the Governor's mansion when it counted, during the statehood fight. He was appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1957 and Eisenhower signed the Statehood legislation the next year. Stepovich lobbied hard in the year preceding that signing. Statehood came in 1959 and that was the end of the Lower 48 owned and operated fish traps that prevented the growth of the Alaska salmon fishing fleet of locally owned vesssels. It's always a big fight to keep big business interests from degrading local standards of living..<br />
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How is Alaska doing now in that fight? Well, not so well, but I won't get into that here. This is about the passing of a great man, a man that many Alaskans have forgotten about and maybe didn't even know about. The point is, single men of conscience can make a difference. And of course nobody can assume that someone will come along to be their white knight. I always say to act like nobody else is going to do it. Mike Stepovich was a model for modern social reformers. Now reform means the same as it always has, to keep the rich from taking everything from the rest of us, and that seems ever more obvious. This has been going on in this country since the 1700s, becoming obvious after 'The Great Debate' between Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine, which kicked off progressives vs statists.<br />
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Mike Stepovich passed away in San Diego on Friday, Jan. 14, 2014 with all thirteen of his children present. He was 94 years old. In Oregon they call it 'crossing the bar,' going out over the river bar for the last time. Mike bought a home in the Rogue Valley of Oregon in 1977 and lived here since then, but he still practiced law in Alaska, traveling up there frequently. He loved the climate here according to his daughter Andrea Spepovich of Fairbanks. He was a founding board member of a pregnant teen center here and actively supported the food pantries in Medford and St. Mary's School. He was an active member of the country club here and played in numerous golf tournaments at the club golf course. Of course I feel disappointed that I didn't make his acquaintance living in the same place.<br />
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People here remember him as kindly and a real gentleman. Is it possible to get politicians cut from the same cloth anymore? And of course dedicated to the well-being of his constituents. He worked hard for Alaskans and was successful in his endeavors. Alaska coastal communities especially should lift a toast to his life and times. I know I will. The big cannery in Petersburg, that my Great-grandfather was production manager for briefly, passed into local hands after statehood. The outlawing of fish traps upon statehood forced many 'outside interests' to lose interest. Alaskans were plenty interested in self-determination though, and there was no shortage of expertise and determination to make it work for themselves. Funny how given an opportunity, people will step up. Mike Stepovich sure did.<br />
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There is a picture in the back of a book on pioneers of Petersburg that my folks spearheaded that I'm in. It's of the ribbon cutting ceremony on main-street Petersburg. My brothers Arnold and Steve and a friend, Mark Sandvik, had been trying to start a batch of salmonberry wine when we heard about the ribbon cutting. Seems we walked right into history standing in the picture of the ribbon cutting. I also was at the ribbon cutting ceremony when Petersburg Fisheries Inc. started up after purchasing the old Pacific American Fisheries plant. As a side note, I figured out later that a loan officer I worked with at the Alaska Commercial Fishing and Agriculture Bank in the '80s, had been there too. Ivar Amundsen was a loan officer for the Small Business Administration then and traveled to Petersburg for the ceremony and appreciation for his help.<br />
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I don't know how I bump into ribbon cutting ceremonies so much, but I was at the one that ceremoniously opened the new big water-line into town, for the sake of keeping the canneries running seamlessly for one thing. I guess I had some hand in promoting that and entertained the grant guy from the Economic Development Administration, Bernie Richert.<br />
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I think the main point here is to give Alaskans the opportunity and they will build up their communities accordingly. There are lots of ways to do that still, such as giving Alaskan small boat fishermen a crack at the Pacific ocean perch resource that a relatively few trawlers, are hogging for themselves. I think a new form of conversation needs to be implemented, like a Wikepedia type format, to get these issues out of the hands of corporate interests. Anyone want to step up?<br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-42515781736824975362014-01-10T10:11:00.000-08:002014-01-10T10:11:05.594-08:00What's In A Name?Remember when tanner crab was called 'spider crab'? There was no way that luscious delicacy of the deep was going to sell. The shrimp trawlers would get into a bunch of them and fill the trawls and the fishermen would just dump them over. There was no market for them. Then someone came up with the name 'snow crab' and they also figured out a way to run the legs through a roller to get out the meat. Thus a market was born. Not to forget the 'red bags' the bottomfish trawlers would get when they would plough through the old red king crab sanctuary that the Japanese trawlers would avoid before the 200 mile limit law. But that's a different story.<br />
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I've been seeing lately that chum salmon are being sold down here in Oregon as pink salmon. The chum salmon are not much different in color than the pinks, but why call the chum salmon pinks? I can understand why the grocers I saw in Arizona calling pink salmon king salmon. Much more appealing name. Consumers for the most part don't know there are different species of salmon, much less the subtleties of their flavors. Is it because 'pink' is just more understandable than 'chum'?<br />
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Granted 'chum' is much better than calling them 'dogs' as we did in Alaska. Is it time the lowly dog salmon get a name makeover? What does 'chum' invoke in the brain of a consumer in Oklahoma anyway? Is it time the Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute did some research on a more appealing name?<br />
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King salmon doensn't need changing, nor red or pink salmon. But what is 'coho' too? My father ran a plant in Petersburg that did pioneering work on harvesting and processing king crab. He was also involved in the first efforts to develop a national advertising campaign for those crab. Tanner crab got a new name about that time as well. Not sure if the Alaska King Crab and Quality and Marketing Control Board had anything to do with tanners, but most likely they did. Maybe someone knows. I can't ask Dad anymore.<br />
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The King Crab Board morphed into ASMI, giving it more responsibility and State monies after a can of salmon from Ketchikan was found to be the culprit in a case of botulism. The only case I've ever heard of in 147 years of canning salmon in Alaska. Imagine the number of cans of salmon that effort has produced. But that's not the point either.<br />
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The point being, a change of name for marketing purposes has a whopping effect. What would another twenty cents a pound, or even a lot more, in the market yield to Alaska and the whole supply chain with a more appealing name? Believe me, there is no emotional attachment on my part as a former fisherman and processor to the name 'coho', or 'chum,' especially if it meant more money in everyone's pockets. And I think other fishermen and processors would feel the same. <br />
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Folks down here are coming up with names for their micro-brew beers, wines, and ciders all the time and that seems to be their strength. Now you have 'Druid Fluid,' 'Apocalypse,' 'Angry Orchard,' and the list goes on and on. Even going back to 'Chicken of the Sea' tuna, the salmon industry never seemed to take note of marketing subtleties. Why is that?<br />
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I proposed a label design to a big canned salmon brokerage I knew one time and the answer was it takes too much money to promote a new label. Even if the label outsells the other ones on a year after year basis? But as we know, it's hard for bureaucracy to change course. It reminds me of trying to dodge a log while on wheel watch on a big ship once. You can turn and turn the wheel, but the heading stays the same. Remember the Titanic?<br />
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Well, maybe it will be up to the brokers, distributors, direct marketers, and small processors of said species of salmon. You still would put 'coho' or 'chum' on the package, but in smaller print. Then use what you think would find a niche market in larger print. What would you use to lure the Mac and cheese crowd? Maybe 'Zombie Fuel,' or 'Angry Ocean' with a illustration of a Perfect Storm wave on the label. Anyway, you get the drift.<br />
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For the upper crust crowd, you take the tack toward a genteel label and trademark that reinforces their sense of entitlement and superior DNA. Well, that's only 1% of the market, so maybe forget that niche. But they do have the money to buy a sixty five dollar can of smoked coho with a label that would demand such a price. Hint, the name 'Rothschild's' is already taken. 'Newman's Own' did rather well. 'Jimmy Buffet's' not so much. Maybe 'Warren Buffet's' though. I suspect that 'Elvis' chum salmon would sell in Japan with their penchant for Karaoke. <br />
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These would not be wasted efforts. Unlike the effort to sell turbot from Alaska down here. The Fisheries Industrial Technology center in Kodiak has been trying for decades to make that predominant catch of the trawlers in large sections of the Gulf of Alaska into an edible product. I purposely ordered a real fishy sounding flatfish in one of the top restaurants in Southern Oregon because I suspected it was turbot. And sure enough it was. Completely inedible. Even though the waitress warned me off it, and the cook came out and asked me how I liked it. I didn't let on that I knew the whole story of how they got duped by the distributor and packer into thinking it was some new kind of Alaska true, left handed sole, or whatever it was called on the menu. Now that took imagination and guts. Well, maybe duplicity and naivete. <br />
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In that case it was a attempt to boost the fortunes of a large trawl/processing combine that harvests valuable sablefish as a bycatch, and which it got quota rights for through the Federal Fisheries Council process, and of course, wheel-greasing by it's lobbyists. A huge amount of information represented by that one bite. I never did tell that restaurant what they were trying to peddle. I have close friends that have the award winning cafe in Medford, 'Capers,' where I talked the cook into switching to Copper River King salmon. I don't doubt they will retain their title as having the best tasting food in Southern Oregon.<br />
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Last on the menu today is the subject of Pacific ocean perch, aka, POP. These had been caught in vast numbers by the Japanese and Russian trawlers prior to the 1976 implementation of the '200 mile limit law.' They caught many hundreds of thousands of tons every year. Not that that level of harvest was sustainable. POP does propagate exponentially and rapidly though, like cold germs, sometimes dying off en-mass due to overpopulation in juvenile rearing grounds. The U.S. fleet is hip to their existence and is cautiously increasing the catch limits every year, now much more than the halibut catch. And they are highly prized in Japan for their bright red skin color, portion size and fabulous taste.<br />
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But there are tons of other kinds of rock-fish in the Pacific ocean and the name 'Pacific ocean perch' doesn't ring anyone's bell in particular. And West Coast distribution would impact the market for all the other miscellaneous species of rock-fish, especially here with the Oregon Trawl Commission at cabinet level status. I haven't seen POP in the market here yet. I'd love to though. It's in restaurants in Texas, where their red snapper are not as abundant as the demand is. Looking forward to seeing more POP in the stores in the Lower 48 as the quotas work their way up in years to come.<br />
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Remember, that resource is about as valuable as Bristol Bay red salmon. Hence the gradual move to utilize it fully by big companies buying up trawlers, and their quota holding owners, in the Gulf of Alaska. When the fleet is satisfactorily consolidated in a few hands, then you might see these delicious fish sold more widely as 'their' fisheries management council delivers a maybe ten-fold quota increase.<br />
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So what would you call POP on the U.S. market? Maybe 'Scarlet O'hara.' You might get a whole lot of older white males looking for 'Scarlet' in a dining out experience. Maybe 'Deep Reds,' in contrast to the shallow reds of Bristol Bay. I don't think it does any good to wait for 'someone' to come up with a catchy name that will sell the fish well in the market. Just experiment. Innovation doesn't come from bureaucracy as we all know.<br />
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Some of the biggest breakthroughs in Alaska seafood marketing came from regular guys with imagination and guts, like Denton Sherry, RIP, who opened the sujiko market, and Dean Kayler who opened the frozen coho and chum market in Europe. The latter contributed greatly to the rapid expansion of cold storage capacity in Alaska, which allowed the rapid shift to frozen sockeye when the Japanese were kicked out of our Exclusive Economic Zone.<br />
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Trying something new is mostly not expensive, doing nothing is very expensive.The investment in trying to market sujiko (salmon roe), and frozen bright chum and coho came at the astronomical cost of an airline ticket each.<br />
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Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-37002345093021415812013-12-05T18:58:00.000-08:002013-12-05T18:58:46.791-08:00A Hole In The Ground Owned By Liars"You just gotta agree that Mark Twain hits the nail a lot. Well, maybe the miners would take offense to his 'hole in the ground quote'. I had to chuckle though, at the disparity between <b><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joel-reynolds/mark-twain-and-the-pebble_b_4374178.html">the Mark Twain quote used by the big mining company CEO</a></b> and Mark Twain's assessment of miners. On the one hand, the Northern Dynasty guy who is pitching the Pebble Mine in Bristol Bay is trying everything he can think of, including opinion pieces in the Anchorage Daily News, where he quoted Mark Twain. He used the quote "The rumors of my demise are greatly exaggerated" to intimate that the Pebble Mine is not down and out, after the British (and the Japanese) pulled their support for the mine for environmental reasons.<br />
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So to put Mark Twain's view of mining in perspective, the author of the Huffington Post article referenced above, used the other famous quote, "A mine is a hole in the ground owned by liars." Northern Dynasty is a mining company that is typically Canadian in that resource extraction is the end-all, be-all. Environmental concerns be damned. Just look at the devastation of the 'Tar Sands,' their petroleum pipelines, their fish farms, and now they want to even raise genetically modified fish, the first in the world.<br />
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'Manifest Destiny' was in full swing in Mark Twain's time and anyone who found a couple of specks of gold in a creek would be hitting up investors with promises of great fortune in the surrounding ground. Many more attempts at developing mines than ever got developed. How many more miners hiked over the Chilkoot Trail into the Yukon than brought back a fortune in gold? According to Mont Hawthorn, who tried this, not very many at all. The guy from Petersburg who is remembered for his success up there was the one who brought thirty odd cats to Dawson to sell to the prostitutes. Don't know how many times he did that, but he ended up buying downtown property and starting thriving businesses in Petersburg and Wrangell.<br />
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Successful or not, miner's money gets spread around, there is no doubt about that. But what other industry pays $100,000 a year salaries like Northern Dynasty promises? I'll call BS on that one for sure. In a nearby bonanza town, Dutch Harbor, there are 26 languages spoken in the school system. The big companies have brought in people from all over the world to work the low wage jobs in the 'lucrative' bottom-fish business. In this age of union-busting I don't believe those jobs at Pebble will be high paying.<br />
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The promise of big paying mine jobs is easier to swallow in Alaska because of the memory of high paying jobs to complete the Alyeska Pipeline. The urgency to finish that project was immense, thus the good paying jobs. There is no urgency to keep grinding rock up for the small percent of minerals in it over the next 50 years. The cash flow can garner a lot of bank interest if it gets under way though. They could start to develop a mine on the moon with the guarantees. Or they could level the rain forest in Brazil for more gold.<br />
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Putting the certainty of the demise of the salmon runs in Bristol Bay aside for the sake of argument, we not only doubt the credibility of Northern Dynasty's pitch, as Alaska survivalists, and that's what you have to be there, are steeped in looking at things realistically. You don't survive long in Alaska by not being a realist or you end up like Christopher McCandless who starved to death in an abandoned school bus in Alaska with game all around. The key word is risk management. Be Prepared, like in the Boy Scouts motto.<br />
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Big promises and disregard for the risks, as in Northern Dynasty's pitch, sounds more like a McCandless operation. And you know it wouldn't be any Canadians who starve on the Pebble Mine project. At least the miners in Mark Twain's time put their lives on the line, as overly optimistic as they were. The prospect of gold riches drives men to stretch the truth now just as it did in Mark Twain's time. There is no way to put this kind of behavior in politically correct terms.<br />
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What would you say to the man who lied and hundreds of thousands of people died as a result. I reference Dick Cheney who was behind the big 'weapons of mass destruction' lie. My own son was caught up in that frenzy of combating something that didn't exist, for some other reason. Does the term 'trail of tears' ring a bell, as regards all the dead and wounded men it took to defend that lie. Lies and liars are like that. <br />
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The Canadians have said that no farmed fish will escape into the wild to mix with natural salmon runs. Oops, they have been caught by Alaskan commercial fishermen far up into the Gulf of Alaska after escaping British Columbia fish farms. Now they want to raise genetically modified fish, which could render our stocks unable to survive in the wild? Miners especially seem to be the kind that would ensure that Pandora's Box is guaranteed secure. Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-20239745741114345312013-09-18T10:39:00.002-07:002013-09-18T10:39:57.829-07:00The Epitome of the 20th Century Cannery-man<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
My father worked in the fishing business all his life, not necessarily
starting working in the cold storage in Petersburg
when he was thirteen. That would have been around 1929. The year the stock
market crashed. Also the year his parents built the house that his sweetie
still lives in today, up the street from Raven's Rood park. The prospect of
keeping the mortgage afloat those first years in that first architect-designed
house in Petersburg
was dim indeed.<br />
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Grandma Augusta went to work in the steam laundry while Grandpa Martin kept
plugging away with the family fishing boat, the Augusta. I don't know what happened to fish
prices in the early years of the depression, but it couldn't have been pretty,
if there was much demand for the fish at all on the market. The family home was
ultimately saved by the generosity of the woman who owned the steam laundry at
the time. I remember us driving to her house in Seattle
to visit during my first trip to Seattle,
during the 1962 World's Fair. It was a fateful moment in the Enge timeline.<br />
<br />
Cannery-men are still the subject here, but in passing, I should mention the
generosity of John Hammer and Andrew Wikan, who owned a grocery store. Many Petersburg folks would
have had an unknown future if not for the credit these two businessmen
extended. The only reason they stayed in business was due to the rental houses
they owned adjacent to the present South
Boat Harbor.
People pulled together back then. Not that they still don't, it's just that big
businesses dominate the landscape with the classic W. C. Fields motto,
"Never give a sucker an even break."<br />
<br />
Dad certainly did his share of crewing out seining for salmon and longlining
for halibut on the Augusta
with his two brothers and other crew members. He remembered his dad settling up
with the crew with little stacks of gold coins on the galley table. Of losing
Uncle Ernest, the youngest of the three boys, overboard and Martin just turning
the wheel hard over at running speed to come about and pick him up. Dad seemed
to be the skiff man a lot. Which meant you had to lean into those big oars on
the seine skiff the whole time the seine was in the water. That was probably
the hardest job on the boat. Now it's the least physically demanding, albeit,
requiring some above average boat savvy.<br />
<br />
He worked his way through the University of Washington School of Fisheries
this way. He was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity and lived at the frat
house. He was it's President for awhile at least and had his brother Arnold stay there too
while he was taking flight lessons. They shared ownership of a Model A Ford.
Dad was quite the Esquire Man even back in those days. He told of dating the
daughter of the head of the Alaska Packers Association who had canneries all
over Alaska and Puget
Sound. The girl had her own Dussenburg which in those days was the
equivalent of dating Paris Hilton. Dad said she wore braces on her teeth which
sounded like a deal-breaker. But maybe this was the time he became interested
in fish buying and plant operations. Certainly there would have been influence
if he had been around the father much.<br />
<br />
Those old captains of industry were the kings and king makers of the economy
of the West Coast in those days just prior to World War II. And I know that the
draw of Alaska
is also a deal-breaker for relationships at college in 'The Lower 48.' Spring
anywhere in the world smells like herring and salmon and reminds one of the
cultural and financial rewards of getting one's rear end post-haste back to the
fishing grounds. Dad was like his sons and most Alaska
men, content to live the demanding lifestyle of Alaska last frontier life until love comes
knocking in the form of a recent immigrant beauty. In Dad's case it was a new
Home Economics teacher at Petersburg High right after the war.<br />
<br />
His leadership skills were further formed in the crucible of the War as a
Lieutenant in the Navy, first as a Navy pilot, then as the captain of several
ocean going LSTs. He had been in the ROTC at the U of W. When war broke out he
was in Petersburg
and immediately reported in. But between college and his military service he
had been buying fish at the Petersburg Cold Storage for Washington Fish and
Oyster Company of Seattle.
His friend, Dave Ohmer, was the buyer for Whiz Fish Co., also of Seattle. Besides bidding
on halibut trips that came in to the Cold Storage under the then auction system
at the public facility, he ran a fast flat bottom river skiff down the Wrangell Narrows to buy from the beach seiners
like Shaky Frank. Shaky Frank had a warehouse in the first bight in from the
mouth of Petersburg Creek.<br />
<br />
Dad had also fished commercially up Petersburg Creek as a kid. He and a
couple of other kids gillnetted steelhead for his Grandfather, Rasmus. I don't
know who did the splitting and salting in barrels, but they did the cold, wet
fishing in the spring for that early run, which could have been substantial in
those days. Petersburg Creek even had a king salmon run in those days, but I
don't imagine it lasted long with commercial fishing available anywhere in the
watershed. The king run could have been snuffed out in that first steelhead
fishery up the creek. Which begs the question, could they be re-introduced?<br />
<br />
After all, Rasmus had been the first Production Manager the town of Petersburg had. It was
his job to get fish for the canning line in the first cannery there. Back then
at the turn of the century anything went as far as finding fish went. Manifest
Destiny was in full swing in Alaska,
even though the buffalo had been wiped out by then Down South. When Rasmus had
a falling out with Petersburg's
namesake, Peter Buschmann, over excessive harvesting of herring in front of
town, he got into the fish buying and selling business himself. Rasmus
pioneered the Stikine gillnet fishery too and sold barrels of salt fish to the
Norwegian farmers in Minnesota
out of a horse drawn wagon.<br />
<br />
When Rasmus settled in to run his theater and roller skating business and
building buildings on Sing Lee Alley, Dad was his little shadow. Dad loved to
accompany him around town visiting other businessmen friends of Rasmus.
Business got in his blood. Dad was tall for his age and his mother Augusta, the
socialite that she was, made sure he was properly decked out in the latest
boy's fashions. She even had him take piano lessons. Dad recalled looking down
from the second floor of the Enge
Building on Sing Lee
Alley where they lived, and where he was born, at the other boys playing while
he was supposed to be practicing. The lure was too much and Augusta finally relented, thus ending his
piano career.<br />
<br />
You might say he was groomed from the start in the business end of the fish
business. But he also was a product of generation of Enge fishermen before
that, and someone was bound to end up running fish plants. And he was quick
witted enough to pull it off. In later years when the politics of the fish
business became particularly odious, Mom said that Dad kept his job running the
plant in Petersburg
for Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods mostly because he had a good recall of facts and
figures. By then, in the seventies, he had mastered the fishing game and worked
it until his retirement from Petersburg Fisheries at the age of 72.<br />
<br />
I suppose I'll have to recount his exploits and routine duties of running
cold storages and canneries in Alaska in future posts before I can move on to
other subjects in this blog. It's hard to stick to one subject about Petersburg and Alaska
when memories come flooding back. I'm sure it's Jean Curry and her work on the
Petersburg Class Reunion web-site that has re-ignited my desire to get back to
where I started in my blogging: putting memories to paper for my kids and
others. And maybe with the idealistic aim of trying to keep history from
repeating itself so much.<br />
<br />
I think Dad excelled at the game of bidding for halibut and salmon on
the Petersburg
fish auction. He said some buyers had a hard time keeping up. He really wanted
to expand his role at that facility due to this success, but he was young. And
very young for a ship's captain when he had to quit buying to support invasions
of Japanese and German held lands. He might have been at the Normandy invasion except his ship was blown
in half by a German torpedo or mine. He spent most of his service in the
Pacific supporting the island hopping of the Marines. He would have two landing
craft on deck when they got somewhere and then slide them over the rail to take
men ashore. When the beach was secure he would land his ship and disgorge tanks
and whatever else was in the main cargo deck.<br />
<br />
The scope of operations like that certainly gave him a larger vision of what
could be done to improve the infrastructure of the fishing industry. Cannery
tenders and canning lines could hold any mystery after experiences like that. I
think he was typical of servicemen returning to a economy devastated by the
Great Depression, an economic void, but with the resources and now full of men
with vision and a lust for the good things of life. With his prior fish buying
experience, Dad sought out a potential fish buyer in the form of Lennie Engstrom
of Wrangell, who needed buyers in various places. Dad got the job of buying
fish for the Engstrom Brothers at the fairly new Pelican Cold Storage in
Pelican. That's where a couple of us little Enges sprouted from.<br />
<br />
There was a lure to being a fish buyer and plant operator in Alaska that maybe even
had more allure than being a hedge fund manager today. In owning a plant there
was certainly the prospect of relative healthy financial rewards. But even as a
hired plant manager, there was the prospect of the traditional role of the
superintendant as king of the local economy and a good piece of the fabric of
the culture of the town it was located in. Mankind has always sought power
above anything and my Dad was no exception.<br />
<br />
After two years in Pelican he met a cannery man from Petersburg, Chris Dahl, who offered him the
job of running their new cannery and cold storage there. The dream job just
showed up. Being the top buyer in the town he knew and that his Grandparents
helped found. His town, and now he had the job befitting his experience, his
DNA, and expectations. To most of the old cannery-men it didn't matter much
whether they owned a piece of the action or not, just being the top guy was
enough. He passed on some opportunities to get a piece of the action.<br />
<br />
Is what he liked, besides 'unloading the boats' as he said, was helping
people in the fleet and the business In that regard he wasn't the best at
what he did. He wasn't ruthless enough to go beyond what he had on his plate as
a 'super.' He bemoaned others who broached his sense of business ethics. And
ultimately came under fell under the axe of the out-of-control Whitney-Fidalgo
Seafoods 'axe man.' Not that the axe-man was out of control. Whitney only
lasted two more years before filing bankruptcy. In 1969 when they bought the
Kayler-Dahl Fish Co. plant in Petersburg Dad was running, they were canning 25%
of the Alaska canned salmon pack and were
about the largest fish company on the West Coast of the United States.
It was fun for both me and Dad working for them in the early to mid seventies.
Disappointment with the company set in pretty fast.<br />
<br />
Dad liked helping out fishermen wanting to get a new boat or into a new
fishery. Some of this was from his knowledge of fish resources and fish biology
from his training under Dr. Donaldson of the U of W. and some from the pioneer
days of people helping each other to just survive. One time he bought a sweet
little troller called the 'Adak' for a
fishermen who just didn't have the money at the time. We had some great trips
on that boat until the fisherman came up with the money to buy it from Dad. We
would tow the little Davis
double ender to Ideal Cove and us kids would hike up to the lake for some
swimming and trout fishing.<br />
<br />
Later my uncle and Gordon Jensen brought up the first steel fishing boats to
Petersburg and
Dad got him prospecting for king crab. He got another less than prosperous boat
man to run a tender to bring in some of the first catches of king crab to Petersburg. Ralph had
been a famous brown bear guide out of Petersburg.
He just didn't have the knack for fishing and that flopped with the loss of the
string of company financed pots. My uncle developed multiple sclerosis two
years after buying that big steel limit seiner. But by then other fishermen for
the other big cannery in town had jumped in and the rest is history. Mostly a
history of overharvest as was the case in the Bering Sea
king crab fishery.<br />
<br />
Like Dad's prior appoiintment to the Alaska King Crab Marketing and Quality
Control Board that kicked off the king crab boom and craving for the delicious
seafood, he worked with the University of Alaska Marine Advisory Program
Director, John Doyle, to inaugurate herring gillnetting. One of
Whitney-Fidalgo's plants, the cold storage in Yakutat, had been the first in Alaska to buy and
process seine herring for the Japanese roe market. Dad however felt that
gillnetting herring was the best way to catch herring as it was possible to
select only the upper year classes with larger mesh nets, where seining catches
the younger year classes as well, making it harder to sustain the fishery. And
that has been the case in some herring seine fisheries. In fact all the seine
herring fisheries in Alaska,
most of which are non-existent even after seining has ceased on many of them
for seventy five years in a lot of cases.<br />
<br />
This was the kind of work that set the stage for him to be the pioneer
processor and maybe instigator of the first herring gillnet fishery in Alaska. I say this
because us three boys represented the company, a tender, and a gillnet skiff in
the first attempt to go out and actually gillnet some roe herring. The first
processing of finfish caught with pots also occurred at his plant in Petersburg, with me
supplying the blueprints of the pots and Steve going out and loading up on
blackcod.<br />
<br />
And this prefaced his work to run one of the first two bottom-fish plants in
the State and surrounding waters by Americans. More on that in a later post as
well. And I suppose that last pioneering was the pinnacle of the career of a
cannery-man: the establishment of a major processing contingent using new
technology. And it didn't hurt that he was named the first President of the
Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, whose pilot projects proved that
Americans could make surimi just as good as the Japanese.<br />
<br />
Getting back to his helping people in the industry pull themselves up by the
bootstraps, he gave the founder of Icicle Seafoods his first job in Alaska. That was a real
win, unlike trying to get a bunch of king crab into his plant. Helping Bob was
something he naturally did, even though it cost him his fleet of boats when his
boss in Seattle
didn't match the prices paid to fishermen by the newly minted Petersburg
Fisheries under Bob's purview. But Dad had the background to always make a
profit for his company.<br />
<br />
I remember Dad and Tom Thompson discussing the break-even volume of canned
salmon needed for particular plants like they had had analyzed the numbers for
months like a Marsh & McClennan accounting office. Which they hadn't. Just
a lot of comparable factors that nobody but these plant managers would have a
clue about. Just a long history in the fishing game.<br />
<br />
Cannery men sometimes had ancillary skills like Dad's interest and adeptness
in aviation. Flying a plane for the fish company came in real handy when a boat
needed help wrapping up a school of fish, or a part needed to be dropped off on
the grounds. Cannery men had a lot of interests that were later parlayed into
good moves on the chess board of fisheries. Doing a lot of these things
yourself made it possible for a small cannery/cold storage to make money and
support the family which ended up numbering five children. As he was retiring
other plants and fishermen started to hire pilots with airplanes to do the same
thing.<br />
<br />
Recruiting of key staff and control was not the least of his abilities and
talents. His cold storage foreman worked there for 25 years and his shrimp and
crab and sometimes cannery foreman about the same amount of time. One Alaska Native and the
other Japanese American. Loyal to the core and efficient to the max. They were
like King David's Mighty Men of Valor who could shoot a bow with right or left
hand. Joe Kawashima could teach anyone how to best pick shrimp, rewire a motor
from single phase to three phase, or he could drive piling by himself in the
middle of the dock under buildings. I didn't find out until years later when I
was contacted by someone in Los
Angeles researching Ben Berkeley that he was in fact a
martial arts master. My first boss and a wonderful teacher of many things
practical.<br />
<br />
Some of the rest of the crew was like then too. Like Dick Kuwata who trained
in the Philipines to resist a communist insurrection. He could draw and throw a
knife like nobody's business. Dick could head salmon so perfectly and fast that
there was no reason to get a heading machine for the cold storage while he was
there. And everyone else had to shoot for his degree of perfection, saving the
company untold dollars in the recovery rates attained. Dick worked for Dad for
about 22 years I think. Keeping in mind that Dad worked in a cold storage plant
when he was thirteen, I didn't start until I was seventeen.<br />
<br />
When we both went through the 'great disillusionment' during the fall of
Whitney-Fidalgo, I felt it more keenly than Dad who had seen companies come and
go and his own boss cause the near ruin of Kayler-Dahl. And his grief of being
frozen out of the Petersburg Cold Storage when he came back from the War. Where
I picked up my pieces and took a right turn into R&D, fisheries banking,
and government service, he went on with a different company, working for a
former protoge, Bob Thorstensen, like nothing had happened.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
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Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-77600462145867916942013-09-02T17:07:00.001-07:002013-09-02T17:07:32.804-07:00Plan B for Alaska's coastal communities.<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;">Yeah, John, Salmon Limited Entry, as the first privatization scheme in the country, had a jump-start from Petersburg when a local seiner became it's first President. The Petersburg seiners were interested, as it was said, in keeping the Seattle seine fleet out, since they had knocked down their own fishery and were moving north. Ironically, a later and long time UFA President was a Seattle resident. UFA was revered in Petersburg because those fishermen were multi-species fishermen and now a lot of them have fistfulls of valuable permits, thanks to that original effort. Victor (see a recent blog post for his letter in the Alaska Dispatch) is from Petersburg, as I am, and I can see why he used that term. You would have been ostracized by the community then if you didn't see things their way. Like I've said before, many fishermen who pioneered in the fisheries, and many Native fishermen who had fished all their lives, didn't get the prized permit card.</span><br />
<br />
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;">My dad was a business leader there and friend of this first President, who called himself 'The Dog Salmon King,' and later 'The Herring King.' I remember flying with my dad and 'buzzing' his seine boat in a sign of friendship.I also crewed on his seiner once. But the end result was the disappearance of hundreds and hundreds of salmon fishing vessels of all sorts. Especially in the Native villages, ones that even had salmon canneries, now defunct. I know that it's hard to make any progress righting the economic malaise caused by privatization when the federal fishery managers are still promoting the idea. </span><br />
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span>
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;">As privatization programs crop up like mushrooms around the country, folks should take a look at some to the Alaska fishing communities that had long backgrounds in fishing, but not the killer instinct of places like Petersburg. Should lifestyle fishermen be sidelined because they don't aspire to vacuuming up the oceans? I can make a case that the small-time fishermen are better for the oceans and the communities too.</span><br />
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span>
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;">Well, maybe Fukushima will end the whole thing on the West Coast anyway. That or ocean acidification. I do know that the fishing communities will have to be a lot more aware than they have been just to hang on to what they have. The city fathers in the fishing communities have as good a Plan B as the 180 Villages or so that are facing being washed away by global warming. No plan at all.</span><br />
<br />
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;">John,</span><br />
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4704" style="font-family: Calibri;">Victor's letter was great. One little thing struck me
tho. He called the UFA "much revered" when it was taken over. Maybe
it was revered but if it was it was because people never realized it was a
criminal organization as far back as the passage of Salmon Limited entry, maybe
even formed for the purpose of saving Salmon LE which was getting turned down by
90% of the fishing communities. I don't know if there was a UFA before
that time, if there was, then it was probably revered. In Salmon LE days
UFA was Hammond, Palmer, Tillion, Daniels, Ricky, etc., and probably it's only
member in Kodiak was Oscar Dyson. They saved SLE and destroyed the
fleet.</span>
<br />
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4699">
-J-</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4709">
</div>
John,<br />
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4712" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">
<div id="yiv2486109740">
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4711">
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377974555226_4710" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;">
<div id="yiv2486109740yui_3_7_2_31_1373557746189_55">
<span id="yiv2486109740yui_3_7_2_31_1373557746189_77">Oh, that's the memo. It might be some fodder to get the word out
about what Alaskans really think about privatization for the benefit of the East
Coasters. I know there was a lot of hype over how much good it did for Alaska.
Nobody ever asked the Alaskans on the street. The article is headlined as
'Anthropologist presents </span>fish survey results to work group." I didn't see
the whole article because I didn't sign up to get the paper on line. But I did
see that 77% of respondents think privatization is a disaster for the local
economy. I'm sure this is reflective of what is going on in the other Alaska
ports, from my time as a plant operator, economic developer as a gubernatorial
appointee, and constant observer of this issue.</div>
<div id="yiv2486109740yui_3_7_2_31_1373557746189_57">
<br />
My hometown of
Petersburg, AK has similar economic malaise: rumor had it that the big cannery
in town wouldn't run a few years ago, and the other big cannery used the excuse
of some minor damage to it's dock by the state ferry to stay closed one summer.
The economic impact of a major employer in a town of only 3,000 people not
hiring for a year is not insignificant. The NMFS has refused to do the economic
analysis that was required of them when privatization of the halibut fishery was
instituted.<br />
<br />
The number one fallacy was that privatization would stop "the
race for fish." There was never a race for fish, it was a race to get history to
gain the private ownership rights. Anybody that says different just wasn't there
when it was all happening, and before when lots of boats of all sizes were
making good money and nobody could imagine owining fish as they swam.
Petersburg, in this earlier time had the second highest income per capita in the
United States in the 1960 census. Petersburg residents were decended from
Norwegian immigrants who longlined halibut and cod in Norway and immediately
took to this fishery. The same decendents are still there, but the town has
fallen greatly in wealth distribution and general downtown business health due
to commercial fishing. If federal and state dollars and tourism were taken out
of the equation, the town might not be able to provide nearly as many services
to it's residents.<br />
<br />
Ms. Carouthers, of the University of Alaska, is a
little late in this study. The U of A Institute of Social and Economic Research
has not been forthcoming in it's concern for it's stated purpose. Politics and
not fisheries management science has been the driving force in 'who should
fish.' I think it has been a travesty that the fleets of commercial fishing
vessels in the Alaska Native Villages has dropped to a mere shadow of their
former glory in the 1960s and early '70s. Some of their leaders are pushing the
feds now to do some rectifying of the situation, but a whole culture of
commercial fishing has been lost there.<br />
<br />
I remember it like you said, "we
had 300 boats in our little fleet in Kodiak and now it's down to 50. and
everyone back then brought home the bacon."As far as not getting top billing for
the article in the Kodiak Daily Mirror with the new editor, we have the same
problem here. I found out Rupert Murdock own our paper. Very few letters to the
editor get in to throw dirt on the GMO folks. I guess we can get some in, not
like your paper which quit printing any letters about fishing after the summer
of 2008.<br />
<br />
You know, salmon privatization crept in about the time the
Vietnam War push-back efforts in the U.S. were kicking into high gear.
Lots of distraction, and back door deal-making, like giving out permits to shut
people up. without all the dirty tricks Limited Entry didn't have that much
success of gaining Legislative support. And of course nobody ever tried to
explain it to the public much. And nobody could really forsee that once one
fishery privatized, a gold rush mentality would set in and nimrods from far and
wide would go out on anything that would float to 'earn history' for the next
fishery to be privatized. Been there, done that, just never got the coffee mug
and T shirt.<br />
<br />
I personally had enough 'history,' starting with skiff
fishing for halibut as a kid and going out on the family longliner, to win a
federal grant to develop an automatic baiting machine. Obviously I wasn't
qualified to earn any quota in the lawmakers' eyes.. And even the federal grant
prevented me from profiting from my invention. Not that I wanted to be a
professional fisherman anyway: I remember applying for a research analyst job
with the state in my twenties somewhere.<br />
<br />
I'm not going to belabor this
much, but I'll combine our comments for the sake of
others.<br />
<br />
JE</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-80271757332280295152013-08-31T11:42:00.000-07:002013-08-31T11:42:22.662-07:00More Western Alaska feudal politics<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2320" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">View some of the 'TED Talks' and you'll see that social entrepreneurship is alive and well in the world and has answers for serious social and economic problems. The problem is that the people in power didn't think of them first and can't get credit for them so they mostly go nowhere. And in the case of places like Western Alaska, with myriad social ills, the powers to be have agendas at odds with social entrepreneurship. </span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2320" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">A leading social entrepreneur in the region, Tim Smith, can vouch for the dysfunction, in spades. He wants to restore salmon runs as the President of the Nome Fishermen's Association. The Norton Sound Economic Development Corporation who own a fleet of factory trawlers who catch thousands of salmon as by-catch opposes his efforts.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2320" style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2320" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">If we as a society find it useful or expedient to trample social entrepreneur's work and personal integrity into the tundra, the mud, the dust, or whatever is underfoot, the rest of us should know it. Notwithstanding that there are global kudos, awards and grants for social entrepreneurs. In the current issue, Tim contrasts his clear writing and selfless social conscience.with corporate smear mongers and personal bottom liners. How are we to react, how are we to believe in our future? The only future there has ever been for us is when we work together reasonably and reject the unreasonableness.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2320" style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2320" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Another fisheries social entrepreneur tries to come to Tim's rescue with the following piece. We just hope the courts follow the reasonableness test.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2321">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2320" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Nome Nugget OPINION page, Letters — Thursday, Aug. 15, 2013</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2366">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2183">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2365" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Dear Editor,</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2364">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2368">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2367" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The
August 23 hearing before Judge Timothy Dooley, due to an obviously
perjured complaint by Kyan Olanna of NSEDC, could turn Nome into
kangaroo court land. Using the courts for personal vendettas makes a
mockery of justice.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2369">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2371">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2370" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Across
Alaska and outside, fishing industry folks have followed CDQ matters
for years. We’ve watched the failures to share CDQ wealth with Western
Alaska communities. We see the personal extravagance of highly paid key
members in the CDQs, the waste of public funds, and abusing the process
of awarding United States fishing rights.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2372">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2374">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2373" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Tim
Smith simply stands up to represent the public’s interest, especially
because Ted Stevens and Congressman Don Young failed to ensure openness,
transparency, and accountability. Senators Lisa Murkowski and Mark
Begich also foolishly allow “The Untouchables,” because vote-getting
seems more important than ensuring ethical and transparent use of public
resources.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2383">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2382" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">But
Kyan Olanna makes it personal, defamatory, and even violates the laws
lawyers themselves are to follow about telling the truth in court
filings. She obviously makes up false claims to ask a court for a
“stalking or sexual assault” protective order against Smith. Olanna
knows this does great personal harm to Mr. Smith. False accusations
carry stigmas too.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2381">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2376">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2375" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">But
NSEDC forgets that mocking justice might work once, against Smith, but
the rest of the fishing industry is constantly watching. Justice is not
blind, either. We hope the judge ends her vicious game and Nome’s
Police Department also gets it straight that Smith is a great public
citizen.</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2377">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2378" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"># # # #</span></div>
<div class="yiv8454967010MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2380">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1377971946022_2379" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Groundswell
Fisheries Movement, Stephen Taufen – lives in Kodiak, and represents
public citizen interests across Alaskan fisheries.</span></div>
Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-77542210452685729632013-08-25T19:34:00.002-07:002013-08-25T19:34:42.940-07:00Alaska fisheries management and crony capitalism
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rereading this Victor Smith piece for the Alaska Dispatch immediately brought to mind two points of order. First, I never tied up my thoughts on the Arne Fuglvog affair. I was only critical of Arne being given the post of head of the National Marine Fisheries Service as a matter of principal. I allowed room for the reader to place blame where they might. I had no idea that Arne was breaking the law. It was a former crewmember who had been treated badly by Arne who had seen the violations and talked to law enforcement when it looked like Arne might become the top fish cop.</span></span></h1>
<h1 class="page-title entry-title">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Both Arne and I were interviewed by Richard Gaines, deceased, of Gloucester Times fame and I only said that Arne had no background in the management of people or fisheries science. After doing some jail time, Arne is back in the game as a consultant. I wish him well as a man, not necessarily as a consultant. </span></span></h1>
<h1 class="page-title entry-title">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">I sure don't know why I keep getting drug into these things. Just like here in the Rogue Valley of Oregon recently. A GMO Free group wanted to meet with the local State Representative who solely sponsored a bill to take away local control over genetically modified organisms of all kinds. The Representative begged off meeting his constituents "because he had a meeting at the same time with John Enge's group." I don't have a group, nor had I ever talked to this person, but now I guess I do have a group; 'The Phantom Pharmers.'</span></span></h1>
<h1 class="page-title entry-title">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Second, I think there are rumblings about overhauling the whole broken Council Process of managing the fisheries. Hopefully, to break up the numerous cabals that have evolved to divy up the loot between fewer and fewer players. Fewer is better, right? so you can say the fishermen are more profitable and ignore the vast number of fishermen, and communities, who had to go bust. So, in this vein I suggest a reading of Victor's article, or a re-reading, like I did to remember just how broken the fisheries management system in this country is.</span></span></h1>
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<span class="updated"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="ad-authors-node-wrapper"><span class="author-term author vcard"><span class="author fn name">Victor Smith</span></span></span></span><div class="field field-name-post-date field-type-ds field-label-hidden">
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August 23, 2011</div>
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<span class="views-field views-field-ifelse"> <span class="field-content main-image-credit">Aaron Jansen illustration</span> </span> </div>
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Ever
since 1998, when former Sen. Ted Stevens introduced his rotten American
Fisheries Act (AFA), the United Fisherman of Alaska (UFA) and their
allies on the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NPFMC) have
been carving off for themselves the choice pieces of the fisheries
resources of the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. Stevens started it by
giving the extremely lucrative pollock fishery to a handful of fishing
companies and, in so doing, set off a vicious "if you can't beat 'em,
join 'em" national stampede for privatization. Why? In large part
because no restrictions were placed to keep profits from pollock from
being used to dominate all the other fisheries AFA companies
participated in.<br />
Proponents of catch shares
have cleverly obfuscated their greed, jealousy, and crude survival
instincts with high-minded baloney like the yarn that private ownership
fosters good resource stewardship. Arne Fuglvog, the UFA's and Sen. Lisa
Murkowski's pick to head NMFS, recently disproved that smarmy nonsense
when he got busted for criminally underreporting his own catch while
simultaneously parroting that bull at the Council.<br />
There's
nothing high-minded about divvying up the loot in the Gulf; it is dirty
business, and all of a sudden it looks like Murkowski and UFA were
pushing a "Manchurian Candidate" to head the National Marine Fisheries
Service.<br />
In his May 2009 email to the UFA, ex-Petersburg
son John Enge gave a respectful and specific heads-up that Fuglvog was a
crook and his appointment to head NMFS would backfire. Now that Enge's
warning has proven true, the UFA is in the unenviable position of trying
to convince everyone that they didn't know what everyone knows they
knew all along -- that while Fuglvog may have been a good choice for the
UFA, he was a thief and a poor choice for everyone else. To cover their
asses the UFA is trying to make the story all about how Enge was "not
credible," and claiming "(Enge) was in the practice of writing things
that were untrue and denigrating our association and our industry."<br />
Well
boo-hoo for the poor UFA. Enge never denigrated the industry, just the
UFA; and they deserve it. Does anyone believe that the UFA executive
board (and Murkowski) were "all surprised as anybody" and didn't know
about Arne's fishery violations? Sounds like time to subpoena some hard
drives because as sure as dead fish stink, the UFA knew about Fuglvog
and was white-knuckling it, hoping that everyone would keep their traps
shut and their puppet-on-a-string candidate would squeak through.<br />
Here's the story the UFA doesn't want anyone to hear:<br />
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After the AFA put everything on the table, a cabal of fishing
industry insiders hatched a plan to rig the game by hijacking the
much-revered UFA. They realized that fishermen were perceived as
Alaska's soul, and if they could steal their voice by controlling the
UFA they would wield a lot of power in Alaska. It would be a twofer:
fishermen in opposition could be muzzled and their apparent support
could be thrown behind almost anything.<br />
As soon as they
took it over, the UFA was used to boost Frank Murkowski into the
governor's office. Not even apologizing to critics who pointed out that
the UFA's membership had never been polled, UFA's new executives crowed
about how they had worked for more than a year behind the scenes to link
arms and make deals with nearly every other business sector in Alaska
to get Murkowski elected.<br />
But the deals came with a steep
price for fishermen. The UFA's first deal was to quickly defend -- again
without prior membership approval -- Murkowski's scuttling of the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game's (ADF&G) Habitat Division, the
division actually responsible for the good stewardship of the habitat of
the very fish that UFA members' livelihoods depended on.<br />
The
second deal the UFA made was to back, one after the other, two rotten
Murkowski picks for ADF&G Commissioner. UFA's first supported
commissioner, Kevin Duffy, signed off on icing the Habitat Division with
admonishments to "not look back." Duffy also gave the state's approval
to Congress for the BSAI Crab plan, which gifted even more exclusive
rights, this time for crab, to another handful of fishing companies.<br />
Inexplicably,
the UFA's second pick for ADF&G commissioner was McKie Campbell, a
guy who had spent the bulk of his career working for the mining industry
to reduce standards for mine runoff into salmon streams. And the UFA
didn't just grudgingly back Campbell; members of the UFA Executive Board
actually traveled the state to make a slick promotional video to tout
his appointment. (Campbell now works on Sen. Lisa Murkowski's staff, as
Republican staff director for the Senate Energy and Natural Resources
Committee.)<br />
The third deal the UFA made was to exploit what
seems to have been a crisis manufactured to bankrupt and drive half
their competition out of the State. Even after dropping the price of
pink salmon to 5 cents a pound (the price now is 42 cents!), fish
companies claimed they were losing money on every pound of fish they
bought, and half the salmon fleet was informed they would have no place
to sell their fish in the 2002 season. That vicious threat of losing
markets was used to bludgeon fishermen's opposition to all of the UFA's
deals.<br />
A couple of years later Rob Zuanich, the UFA
executive who made the promotional video for Campbell -- the same guy
who had spent so much time in Gov. Murkowski's office “managing the
crisis" in the spring of 2002 -- was given a very favorable $1.2-million
loan from the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority to
start a fish company, thereby profiting mightily from the market
conditions he helped create. Like Zuanich, Fuglvog, and Campbell,
everyone who's ever packed water for the UFA has been given ever more
lucrative and influential positions.<br />
That's the opposite of
the fortunes for everyone else -- and by design -- because when the
loot's split up, it's best split the least number of ways. That's why
the fisheries council process has been one of rigged exclusion; that's
the way the ersatz democratic council process works.<br />
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Unless there is a thorough fumigation, the UFA and the councils will
continue stealing national fisheries treasures and fencing them off to
their own little networks, just as they've been doing for the last
twelve or so years. If you run a small, honest business, that won't be
good for you.<br />
<em><strong>Victor Smith</strong> was born in
Juneau and grew up in Petersburg. He has fished commercially all over
Alaska on several of his own boats, mostly for salmon and herring, and
he was a founding and long-time stockholder in NorQuest Seafoods.</em></div>
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</section>Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-33044091961889144722013-07-25T22:01:00.000-07:002013-07-25T22:01:45.364-07:00The Great Alaska Crater Mine Mines never worried me much until I started looking at them closer in regards to putting one in at the headwaters of the rivers that breed the largest runs of salmon left on the planet. I looked into a small mine near me in Southern Oregon and found that it is now a Super-Fund site. What would a mine nine thousand times as large end up being?<br />
<br />
A little village near the proposed mine site in Bristol Bay commissioned a study by the best guys available and they said the same thing. The salmon runs in those rivers will be history. And a cursory look at all the other hard-rock mines in the world with lots of water, not to mention seismic activity, show it will be deja vue all over again.<br />
<br />
But the reason for my writing on mining, ignoring my affection for the ten thousand jobs related to the Bristol Bay salmon runs, is nimrod economic analysis by the mine promoters. In particular, the public face of the mine in Alaska, John Shiveley. Naturally the investors, two giant foreign mining companies, won't be spouting off insight into Bush Alaska economics. They sure need an Alaskan to do the spouting, even if he is just a professional spouter. Makes no difference either if he came to Alaska recently to seek his fortune. He did buy a house in Alaska at least. I assume.<br />
<br />
I was going to reprint the Opinion piece he put in the Anchorage Daily News, but I won't bore you with it. The crux of it was that he was saying that the villages in the area are losing population and that the mine would reverse this trend and create all kinds of good for the area. And of course, they don't intend to wipe out the salmon either. There are all kinds of sayings about good intentions, such as the road to hell is paved with them..<br />
<br />
The thing is, "once they've gone down to Paree, there is no getting them back on the farm." Alaska Natives going to Anchorage and not wanting to go back to the village is not a new phenomenon, and of course it is one that John Shiveley chooses to disregard. Even if they did work for a short time at a mine, it would be so-long to village life. The city girls and boys and sights and activities are just too exciting to pass up. Who can blame them. It's happening all over the state All over the country for that matter.<br />
<br />
I'm from Petersburg and I've lived in the village of Kake, so I know something of small town life in Alaska. Besides having been the economist for the state's only commercial fishing bank and a Governor Cowper appointee in fisheries economic development. Certainly towns shrink when jobs go away: just look at the mining ghost towns of the old west. Petersburg, Kodiak, and in a similar fashion, Kake, are all losing population and they are centrally located in their regional fishing industries. There are a lot of factors at play that Shiveley fails to regard.<br />
<br />
And don't forget the principle of the Alaskan Sourdough: "Sour on Alaska and not enough dough to leave." I saw it all the time in Petersburg. Many fishermen who worked up to a good sized boat and income moved his base of operations to Washington state. Of me and my four siblings, only one stayed in Alaska. I stuck it out for fifty years, but all of us could have stayed and worked in the town that our great-grandparents helped found, as the first white couple to put down roots there.<br />
<br />
The point is that Mr. Shiveley's analysis of people staying in their villages to work like Morlocks in that mine holds about as much water as the mine wastes not harming the runs of salmon and all the wildlife.<br />
<br />
And when all that mine waste water starts running down the rivers, what is it going to do to the clam beds that the walrus at Round Island feed on, and the walrus themselves? Floating 'tusks up' could become a byword associated with gold mining for the next five hundred years.The word down here is don't eat the fish that come from the Gainesville Reservoir downstream from the old silver mine. Cow Creek is dead and I hear there isn't any wildlife down along that creek. <br />
<br />
It's not simple like the old days when gold miners in the Yukon would get frozen out and come down to Petersburg and trade gold nugget jewlery for a room in my great grandparents boarding house for the winter. If shooting from the hip is the best the Pebble Partnership can do on economic and environmental analysis, they might as well just do it right and shoot themselves in the foot. Otherwise, keep it in the holster, bucko.<br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-71332293232148704112013-06-23T12:36:00.001-07:002013-06-23T12:36:48.586-07:00Spoils of the Sea Elude Many in an Alaska Antipoverty PlanAn award winning investigative journalist and a New York Times reporter published an article recently on western Alaska's fisheries and poverty problems. The subject has been wholey kept from national attention: by federal oversight bodies and Alaska state government. Just follow the money from the lucrative Bering Sea fisheries, which the western Alaskans were supposed to get a piece of. Self regulating leaders did, but not the populace. In many villages, you can afford food or heating fuel, but not enough of both.<br />
<br />
Below is <b><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/us/spoils-of-the-sea-elude-many-in-an-alaska-antipoverty-plan.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&">the article as seen in the New York Times</a></b>. Following are some comments I've received from Alaskans.The NYT article has many comments under it.<br />
<br />
<h1>
Spoils of the Sea Elude Many in an Alaska Antipoverty Plan</h1>
<h6 class="byline">
By
<span itemid="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/j/kirk_johnson/index.html" itemprop="author creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/j/kirk_johnson/index.html" rel="author" title="More Articles by KIRK JOHNSON"><span itemprop="name">KIRK JOHNSON</span></a></span> and <span itemprop="author creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">LEE VAN DER VOO</span></span></h6>
<div id="articleBody">
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AKIAK, Alaska — The humble pollock, great cash fish of the north,
conquered the world through the flaky bland hegemony of a fish stick. At
more than $1 billion a year, there is no bigger fishery for human
consumption on the planet. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
But pollock was also meant to be a savior, part of a Washington-backed
antipoverty plan aimed at residents here on Alaska’s mostly undeveloped
west coast. A generation ago, organizers envisioned federally guaranteed
shares of the pollock catch that would create a rising tide of funds to
lift up poor, isolated villages where jobs and hope are scarce. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Pollock did succeed, wildly. The dollars that flowed into the <a href="http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/cdq/">Community Development Quota Program</a>,
as the catch-share system was called, created a hydra-headed nonprofit
money machine. Six nonprofit groups arose on the Bering Sea shore, and
they have invested mightily in ships, real estate and processing plants.
Over two decades, the groups amassed a combined net worth of $785
million. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
But the results on the ground, in rural community and economic
development, have been deeply uneven, and nonexistent for many people
who still gaze out to the blinking lights of the factory ships and
wonder what happened. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
“You eat from one bowl,” said Ivan M. Ivan, 67, chief of the native
community here in Akiak, quoting the Yup’ik Eskimo cultural adage about
shared resources. “That didn’t happen.” </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Collectively, the groups created tens of thousands of jobs and
scholarships in one of the poorest regions of the nation. But critics
say that community development, over time, got lost in a push toward
institutional sustainability — and in some cases lavish salaries for
leaders. Deregulation became self-regulation with a board of overseers
appointed by the groups themselves the only real watchdog in recent
years. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Meanwhile, a lopsided division of spoils among the groups has festered
into a conflict that some Alaskans fear could unravel the catch-share
project itself, which has done much good, they say, despite its flaws.
In 2011, according to the most recent figures, one group with a small
population got nearly 22 times more revenue per resident than another,
larger group, based on allocation formulas locked in by Congress in
2006. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
The fate of places like Akiak, a village of 350 people about 400 miles
west of Anchorage, was dictated by a political compromise two decades
ago, when a line was drawn 50 miles from the Bering Sea. Villages inside
the line got pollock money. Akiak’s rutted dirt roads and 80 percent
unemployment rate, residents said, bespeak its outsider status, 20 miles
from that border. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Residents of Napaskiak, by contrast, a village of similar size 24 miles
away, get scholarships, free firewood, free tax assistance and
subsidized boat motors, all courtesy of the local catch-share group, the
<a href="http://www.coastalvillages.org/">Coastal Villages Region Fund</a>, which also buys halibut and herring from local fishermen. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
The rules were hard but necessary, said Dick Tremaine, an economist who
was a consultant to the state in the early 1990s. “This was a social
engineering experiment that had not yet existed,” he said. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
But even communities within the line have seen uneven development. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
The federal health clinic in the village of Teller, for example, in
Alaska’s northwest corner, went months without toilets last year after
its septic system failed. Doctors and patients used five-gallon buckets
instead, then stacked them in the street. Worse still, there were often
not enough buckets to go around. Cardboard boxes, lined with plastic
bags, then had to suffice. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Teller is not unique: 10 of 15 villages dotting the tundra along the
Bering Sea outside of Nome — all within the catch-share system — do not
have complete sewer service or running water. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
“I can understand how C.D.Q.’s, in the early years, focused on the
development of businesses,” said Ed Backus, vice president for fisheries
at <a href="http://www.ecotrust.org/">Ecotrust</a>, an economic
development group in Portland, Ore., that works in Alaska, referring to
the Community Development Quota Program. “But over time as those revenue
streams really bulked up, which they have, I think it’s important to
remember the main mission of C.D.Q.’s is to really improve life in the
villages.” </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Spokesmen for the nonprofit groups agreed that not every village has seen the same benefits. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Part of the problem is geography, said Simon Kinneen, vice president and chief operating officer of the <a href="http://www.nsedc.com/">Norton Sound Economic Development Corporation</a>,
which covers the northern corner of the catch-share region, including
Teller. “Developing fisheries and economies in our member communities
that do not have reasonable access to commercially viable fish species
is difficult at best,” he said in an e-mail. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
A spokesman for the Coastal Villages Region Fund, Dawson Hoover, conceded that much more work should be done. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Under that guise, Coastal Villages, the largest of the groups by
population, with about 9,300 residents, began an effort last year to get
Congress to change how pollock and other fish are apportioned in
western Alaska — to a formula based on population. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
The shift would greatly increase Coastal’s clout and income, and the
effort is creating sharp conflict with other groups that could get less.
“The groups with the largest amount of people receive less fish per
person,” Mr. Hoover said. “It’s just not fair.” </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Many native subsistence fishermen, meanwhile, say the pollock trawlers
inadvertently catch too many salmon. Dozens were cited by state game
wardens last summer — and faced emotional legal proceedings this spring —
for setting their nets on the Kuskokwim River in violation of an
emergency fishing ban. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Joe Garnie, a former mayor of Teller, and a board member of the Norton
Sound group, said fairness depends on where you look. Imagine what might
happen, he said, if a lack of plumbing had led to similar unsanitary
conditions in a clinic in, say, Detroit. “In 15 minutes there would be a
federal investigation,” he said. “Why isn’t there one here?” </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Part of the answer to Mr. Garnie’s question, is that the program grew up
without a yardstick, according to people who were involved in its early
years. And as each nonprofit group went its way, one-size-fits all
measurements no longer applied. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Coastal Villages became a vertically integrated seafood company. The <a href="http://www.apicda.com/">Aleutian Pribilof Island Community Development Association</a>,
another catch-share group, developed a separate economic plan for each
village. In Norton Sound, benefits were delivered mostly in the form of
community grants and scholarships, sending hundreds of Alaskans to
college every year and helping villages operate. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Federal rules are loose, requiring only that the groups spend 80 percent
of their money in fisheries. And in 2006, Congress stepped back even
further, allowing the groups to regulate themselves, with reviews from
Washington every decade. But in the first 10-year review, even the
self-regulating catch-share oversight board in Alaska said the data
measuring changes in poverty and quality of life in the villages was not
meaningful. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
But there is no doubt that guaranteed pollock shares — later extended to
include, crab, pacific cod, halibut and other fish — created a new
empire. Coastal Villages now owns an entire fishing fleet based in
Seattle and Alaska. The Bristol Bay group owns half of the seafood giant
Ocean Beauty. The Glacier Fish Company, based in Seattle, is partly
owned by fish-quota groups. Four groups also invested in publicly traded
securities, totaling $134 million in 2011, or 28.8 percent of their net
assets. Salaries for top executives, meanwhile, have ranged in recent
years from $69,503 to $832,367. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
The oversight board said in a recent report that in its first 19 years,
the program distributed $521 million in wages, training and benefits.
But the region’s troubles drag on. Of 65 communities within the 50-mile
boundary, including Teller, 38 are still listed as “distressed” at the <a href="http://www.denali.gov/">Denali Commission</a>, a federal agency that focuses on Alaska’s remote communities. </div>
<div itemprop="articleBody">
Joel Neimeyer, co-chairman of the Denali Commission, said it would be
impossible for one program to solve Alaska’s rural problems. The process
of giving people training for jobs, for example can, in a perverse way,
create a brain drain that leaves communities ever more locked in
struggle. People leave and get a taste of the outside world. “A lot of
them just never go back,” Mr. Neimeyer said. </div>
<div class="authorIdentification">
This article was written in cooperation with InvestigateWest, a
nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in Seattle that
covers the Pacific Northwest.<br />
<br />
This comment below is from western Alaska, someone who lives the situation:<br />
<br />
"I'm
way too opinionated to read in the article of Simon's email about
reasonable access, or Tremaine about social engineering and the hundreds
sent to college, to not want to vomit. <br />
The point that was completely missed was that the bycatch these
programs are predicated on have impoverished their residents. Teller is
one of the worlds best natural harbors with many species of fish,except
bycaught salmon, everywhere. But not a proverbial pot to piss in.<br />
Simon personally undermined an economic development study for
our regions villages with the best in the business. One I'd put
everything into bringing about. <br /> His wife has way more sense than his employers. She divorced him this winter.<br />
But the piece is a beginning. But it'll take many more before
government wakes up. and a near miracle to give people with millennia of
poverty behind them the perspective to perceive that they're being
robbed."<br />
<br />
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372012363458_2886">
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372012363458_2885">
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372012363458_2884">
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372012363458_2883">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
And another from a major fishing port when i mentioned that the Anchorage Daily News missed the point in the title they used for running the article.:<br />
<br />
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2192">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2191" style="font-family: Calibri;">"Sure does, makes you want to read. The pictures
too, who wants to look at a bag of fish.......they could be POP, right? or maybe
idiot rock, getting squeezed, eyes popping out. Lovely.</span></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2200">
</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2196">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2195" style="font-family: Calibri;">NYT runs it so Anchorage has to follow but did what they
could to make it flop and not ignite local eager to make a name
reporters."</span></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2196">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2195" style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2196">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1372014074106_2195" style="font-family: Calibri;">Another comment from western Alaska is a plea for humanity. It also brings into focus that the consolidation of enterprise doesn't include the educated and the moral in some regions. Brings to mind 'Baby Doc,' the infamous dictator of Haiti who, like the spiritual leader of the eastern Oregon cult, liked to buy dozens of limousines. In the case of the western Alaska CDQ groups, they like to buy all the factory trawlers they can get their hands on. Just no need for it at all. Maybe they think they will be able to dictate prices when they own all the assets, but it's the consumer who inevitably dictates the price of products. Another real issue lost in the minutae of privatization. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="articleCorrection">
</div>
</div>
<br />
<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-8981021489626015672013-04-22T09:46:00.000-07:002013-04-22T09:50:09.676-07:00Gubernatorial Style Larcenyny<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The following is information gathered from Alaska websites thatunderscores the blatant attemp to enrich the oil companies in Alaska at the expense of Alaska citizens. There are YouTube videos on the subject detailing how oil company employees that got themselves elected to the Legislature helped the ex-oil industry lobbyist/Governor accomplish the $2 billion a year give-away. This is a very serious blow to the economy of Alaska. That money will just disappear from the revenue stream Alaskans rely on for vital services. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> "I looked Sean
Parnell up in Wikipedia. Here is part of the listing. “Parnell left the Alaska
Senate to become director of government relations in Alaska for the oil company ConocoPhillips.
In 2005, he joined the lobbying firm Patton Boggs, where he advised clients on
state and federal regulations governing development of major oil and gas
projects. Patton Boggs represented ExxonMobil in the Exxon Valdez oil spill
litigation.”</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">As our
governor, he is supposed to be working for us now, not the oil companies. The
State Retirement System is not fully funded, our schools are laying off staff
and he wants to give up billions to further fatten the oil companies. I
consider this thinly disguised robbery. We will be the losers if we allow it to
happen. Call your representatives and tell them that a vote for this fiasco is
their ticket to a new line of work!"</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="background: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">— Mark Beaudin</span></i><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="background: black; color: white; font-family: inherit; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Anchorage</span></i><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
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Senate Bill 21 has passed now, thanks to help from a couple
of Alaska Legislators who happen to be Conoco/Phillips oil company employees.
No law says they couldn’t enrich their present and former employers in such a
fashion:The
following information is what Alaskans can do to help themselves get it back,
and I’m sure they want to, but they at least have to bend down to pick it up. I’m
betting they will, but we know it is a challenge to awaken the masses and the Governor is counting on this.The last time Ray Metcalf used his talents and knowledge of the inside workings of State government to fight corruption, he was joined by a horde of FBI agents from across the country to root out the self-professed 'corrupt bastards club.' </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The first time since the Civil War that the U.S. government raided a state capital. That was only half a dozen years ago and the exposed Speaker of the House of the Alaska Legislature went into hiding on a Shell Oil company ship at sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">From Ray Metcalfe,
907-344-4514</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">An attorney within the
strategy planning group has recommended revisions to the signature pages sent
to you on Sunday. If you have collected signatures, pleas recollect them on the
attached signature page and get them to us as fast as possible.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">If you are in the Anchorage area and have
filled one or more of the attached signature pages, I will pick them up from
you. If you are out of Anchorage,
either scan and email, or fax your signature pages to 907-349-1735 and mail the
originals to P.O. Box 231007,
Anchorage AK 99523.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">Before getting
signatures, attach the new cover page to a copy of Senate Bill 21. No need to
reprint the Bill if you have already printed it; just detach the old signature
pages and attach the new pages.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">Attached you will find
the a copy of Senate Bill 21 in one document and a copy of the new cover in a
separate document </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">Also, we now have a
signup page at:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1aKG8hf-hdxWM5M06AiYwhk5ztpPgDADx43SAPjzdGGQ/viewform?pli=1" target="_blank">https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1aKG8hf-hdxWM5M06AiYwhk5ztpPgDADx43SAPjzdGGQ/viewform?pli=1</a></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">And a contact person for
coordination of efforts. For questions call Pat Lavin at 907-360-0573, or email
him at <a href="mailto:patlavin117@gmail.com" target="_blank">patlavin117@gmail.com</a></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv231607206msonormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;">My apology for the
inconvenience of re gathering signatures.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-76543513043885821872013-01-25T20:28:00.000-08:002013-01-25T20:28:08.160-08:00Gulf Ratz letter misses protective mark<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3473" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3472" style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">The Kodiak City Council and Borough <span style="font-size: small;">Assembly</span> recently sent out a three question questionnaire on trawl ratz. It was in response to Dr. Seth Macinko's warning about the dire <span style="font-size: small;">effects of catch shares </span>on the health of fishing communities. Check out <span style="font-size: small;">the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUYTAxNU90w">YouTube video of his speech</a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUYTAxNU90w">.</a> It's similar to the one he gave <span style="font-size: small;">to the European Union. The <span style="font-size: small;">death of fishing fleets in half of Denmark<span style="font-size: small;">'s coastal fishing communities after catch shares is <span style="font-size: small;">a <span style="font-size: small;">dire warning indeed. This is my response to the <span style="font-size: small;">questionnaire</span>: reprinting Stephen Taufen's guest opinion. I will add, though, that I started <span style="font-size: small;">warning city governme<span style="font-size: small;">nts in Alaska in about 1991, on an appointment by Gov. Steve Cowper, that they should take<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>a more active role in fisheries economics</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3472" style="font-size: 18.0pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3473" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3472" style="font-size: 18.0pt;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Sending out a questionnaire to find out what others have to say on the subject is like asking folks how many fish can live in the ocean. It's especially ludicrous coming right on the heels of a world expert on the subject<span style="font-size: small;"> </span> of the effects of privatization of fish resources on coastal communities. I'll say right now that there are MANY downtown Kodiak businesses<span style="font-size: small;"> that have closed up shop since privatization started kicking in. I'm not holding my breath that Kodiak's <span style="font-size: small;">politicians</span> would care if </span>little Timothy Cratchit hoppled around Kodiak on his crutches and in his rags. Anyway, enjoy Stephen's letter.</span></b></span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3473" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3473" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3472" style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Guest opinion: Gulf Ratz letter misses protective mark</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3474" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3651" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">by Stephen Taufen</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3475" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3652" style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Jan 25, 2013 [Friday]</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3477">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3476" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Federal Register declared the North Pacific Fisheries Council is
proceeding on giving away federal fish resources to selected trawl
recipients in the Gulf. That is close to committing public larceny.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3478">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3479">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3480" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Catch
shares are a euphemism for limited access privilege programs. Sharing
sounds good when it applies to giving candy to kids. But privatization
of public resources, giving away individual fishing quotas in
perpetuity, ends all sharing. A proper impact statement and required
analysis would take years. That’s unacceptable to greedy proponents of
personalized catch shares. Total catch limits are already in place.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3594">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3482">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3481" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Others
propose individual bycatch quotas. But awarding rights to harm the
environment guarantees as-dirty-as-now fishing and goes against
sustainability. They are like carbon credits that cost governments
hundreds of billions, were absorbed by the worst polluters, and did
zilch for cleaner air. IBQs just provide a short step to IFQs.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3483">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3485">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3484" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The
city and borough just fashioned a generalized letter to the council
about the trawl sector proposal. I say generalized because one could
also call it pathetic. Or weak. </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3486">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3596">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3595" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Oh,
it is well written and well-intended, for the most part. They are
trying to stand up for Kodiak and figure the diplomatic soft touch is
best.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3597">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3599">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3598" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">However,
the council doesn’t have to do anything communities want — especially
if the governor’s squad of NPFMC members won’t take an anti-giveaway,
anti-privatization perspective.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3600">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Politicians
often get in the habit of compromising, particularly where there is no
right to. The USA does not ‘own’ the fish in the Gulf of Alaska.
Politically tainted agencies have no right to give away ownership.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3610">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3609" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The
letter ignores current policy atmospherics. The inspector general of
the Commerce Department just issued its first report on concerns over
transparency and problems with council members’ financial disclosures
and conflicts of interest on votes. </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3608">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3607">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3606" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">How
many times in the past decade have corporate and catch share proponents
prevailed over addressing crab crew concerns by 6-to-5 votes and other
faction-based squeakers?</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3605">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3604">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3603" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Kodiak
shouldn’t fall to divide and conquer and the PR Wurlitzer of the trawl
sector’s trickery to get IFQs and get them first. The city and borough
are being alienated by the sweet cake of community shares ownership
while other fishermen are getting net-hanged. </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3611">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3613">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3612" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The
joint letter fails to loudly declare support for captains and crew. It
disregards exorbitant lease fees that will drain Kodiak and its
fishermen. Yet those jobs and dollars generate local taxes. We might
better off asking Congress to set a national fish price per pound, and
some floor prices on pollock and cod.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3614">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3615">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3616" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">There
are other gear groups able to catch fish and maximize the net national
value and sustainability who provide far more jobs. The letter also
needed to open up the door to concerns for value-added products and
local processing plant jobs, too.</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3617">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3622">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3621" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">As
fishery expert Seth Macinko of the University of Rhode Island recently
told the community leaders, “there are no unintended consequences, we
know exactly what harms will come about” from IFQs and fleet
concentration. He then inquired, “The question to you as policy makers:
Is this what you want for Kodiak?”</span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3623">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1346579640MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3624">
<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359147970196_3625" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Stephen
Taufen is president of the Groundswell Fisheries Movement, which
advocates fisheries issues on behalf of fishing industry workers.</span></div>
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</div>
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Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-42449525640623406672013-01-11T11:22:00.002-08:002013-01-11T11:22:43.151-08:00Sharecroppers of the Sea
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b> We still don't hear much about the connection between catch share fisheries and the decline of those fish<span style="font-size: medium;"> stocks. Halibut is undergoing a stock crash at the mo<span style="font-size: medium;">ment. The official word on th<span style="font-size: medium;">is phenomenon is "I dunno<span style="font-size: medium;">,</span>" so officially I guess it's not happening. Natu<span style="font-size: medium;">rally this kind of thing wou<span style="font-size: medium;">ld make catch shares look bad. Lee <span style="font-size: medium;">van der Voo has captured the essence of li<span style="font-size: medium;">fe with catch shares. Doesn't look pretty in that regard either. Remember, the <span style="font-size: medium;">bad old 'derby days' didn't start unti<span style="font-size: medium;">l word got around that the fishery <u>might</u> be privatized. From one ditch to the the other.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>SEATTLE WEEKLY</b></i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
News</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/2013-01-09/news/sharecroppers-of-the-sea/full/">http://www.seattleweekly.com/2013-01-09/news/sharecroppers-of-the-sea/full/</a>
</div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 0.36in; margin-bottom: 0.05in;">
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/2013-01-09/news/sharecroppers-of-the-sea/"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Sharecroppers
of the Sea</b></span></span></span></a></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">As
Alaska's deadliest catches become more regulated, "slipper
skippers" exploit those who actually fish.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>By
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/authors/lee-van-der-voo">Lee
van der Voo</a> </b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Wednesday,
Jan 9 2013</i></span></span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div align="RIGHT" style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.05in;">
<span style="color: #717171;"><span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>ALL
PHOTOS COURTESY OF LEE VAN DER VOO</i></span></span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Before you feel</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
sorry for anybody in this story, meet </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Jared+Bright/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jared
Bright</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">.
And remember your first impression, because he's eventully going to
call himself a serf. For the moment, he's just a guy you're about to
get jealous of. That's because he's 38 years old, and industry
sources say he's worth about $2 million.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #e0e0e0; line-height: 0.14in; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="background: #e0e0e0; line-height: 0.14in; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Courtesy
of Lee Van Der Voo</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Between his ordinary
upbringing in </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Ketchikan/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ketchikan</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
Alaska, and the day Bright invested in his fishing boat, there was no
winning lottery ticket, no trust fund. He's just a fisherman; been
one for 21 years. And lucky for him, he happens to be good at it. If
he can keep the bearded men in the embroidered shirts out of his
game, he's going to be even better.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But before we get into the
bearded men, get rid of the image of the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Gorton%27s+Inc./"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gorton's</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
fisherman. Forget the fish sticks, the wooden captain's wheel, and
that wholesome picture of the guy on the yellow box. Instead, put
yourself on one side of the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Whole+Foods+Market+Inc./"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Whole
Foods</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
fish counter, a chunk of halibut in the middle—price tag: $28 a
pound—and think of Bright as the guy on the other side, the guy
who's going to get it to you. Think six feet two inches of lean
muscle, pierced ears, and an auburn mug and sideburns, dressed in
black North Face and talking like 10 cups of coffee while texting on
a smartphone.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This is your fisherman. You
are as likely to see him driving around West Seattle in his Smart Car
as out on the open ocean. And if you thought </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>The
</i></span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Deadliest+Catch/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Deadliest
Catch</i></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
was wild, the game he plays to bring you this latest item in
white-tablecloth seafood is even weirder.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">There's no captain's wheel
in this industry. Hasn't been in a while, if there ever really was.
The oddball universe that is halibut fishing, a fish that two decades
ago cost $3.99 a pound and came in a hideous frozen brick, is more a
game of floating Monopoly.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guys like Jared Bright vie
for control of the industry's lower rungs, the only rungs that seem
to be left. Simply put, they're renters. They don't own the halibut,
not even when it lands in their boats. </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The
fish are instead the property of a generation of wealthy owners, most
of whom did nothing more than fish in the right place at the right
time to get a stake.</b></span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Their ownership rights came
courtesy of the federal government. At the time, it was a good idea.
In ways, it still is. </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>But
it's created what amounts to a feudal system over a natural resource.</b></span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">It's a system, called </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>catch
shares</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
that the government and environmental groups will tell you is the
best thing to happen to fish since catch limits. But fishermen in the
halibut and black-cod industry—the first in the country to live
with the bizarre realities of these new policies—have weathered its
real consequences, outcomes that fly in the face of more official,
rosy portrayals. Outcomes like absentee landlords, brokers and
bankers, fish quota that costs more than your house, and a new
generation of people cluttering their hulls, demanding sandwiches.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">It's getting hard for young
fishermen like Bright to stay in this game. Those who try, though,
are bettering their odds with a few comfy amenities, bait for a
different kind of big fish: owners. Big-screen TVs, staterooms, hot
tubs, saunas, and a super-sweet DVD collection are all things that
could potentially shift their odds.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meet America's newest
sharecroppers.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Halibut is</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
a tough business. As fishing goes, it's child's play, but it makes
the typical 40 hours of desk jockeying look like a spa retreat.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Halibut is mostly caught in
that great swath of frigid water east of Canada and in the Gulf of
Alaska. Some halibut—the tough-to-find kind—is fished farther
west in the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Aleutian+Islands/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aleutian
Islands</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
and north on the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Bering+Sea/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bering
Sea</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
the roughest, meanest place man ever leaned over a rail and vomited.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The job of catching the
foodie favorite and its companion, black cod, requires a certain kind
of mind and body. Both fish are typically caught long-lining, a type
of fishing that translates into baiting hundreds of hooks on
9,000-plus feet of line, then hauling in the "strings" of
catch. String is a funny word for it, fishing jargon that belies the
heft of the haul. At least 1,250 hooks full of fish can sit on each
string, and on average each fish weighs about as much as a
fifth-grader. But owing to the sheer tedium of standing 18 hours a
day baiting hook after hook, fishing halibut lacks the glory to
attract its own reality TV show and an ever-present film crew, now
accoutrements to the crab industry.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Blake+Painter/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Blake
Painter</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
a 33-year-old fisherman from Oregon, describes halibut season as a
thing he grew up loving and now hates. "I dread long-lining
season, just because it's so repetitive," he says. These days he
wakes up in the morning with his hands clamped closed and pain
screaming up to his elbows, an ailment fishermen refer to as "the
claw." He needs surgeries for carpal tunnel syndrome, and his
shoulders and back have also fared poorly.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Painter grins and shrugs:
occupational hazards. Like the time he pitched a hook through his
hand, or filleted a finger like a hot-dog roll to escape donating an
arm to a gadget known as a crucifier, an injury he contained with a
paper towel, black tape, a glove, and more fishing.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But there are good days in
fishing. When the water is calm, the sun is shining, and the fish are
biting; when whales aren't cleaning your strings like shish
kebabs—this is a good business.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"When fishing is good,
you're making money quick. It's not uncommon to make $1,000 a day,"
says Painter. During a particularly good run two years ago, he earned
$50,000 in less than 72 hours.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But there's something even
he won't do to get those fish: He won't take walk-ons.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Walk-ons are</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
fish owners who walk onto a boat while other fishermen do the
fishing. They're a byproduct of the ownership rights birthed in 1995,
when the business of making fish into private property was the
government's—and environmental groups'—answer to a lot of things
that were going wrong in halibut and black cod. Bright was in high
school then, back when anybody could get in on fishing it. He got his
start as a crewman at 17, fishing halibut.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"What I always liked
about fishing was you could make a bunch of money and then go fuck
off," says Bright.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But by the time he became a
partner in his own boat in 2008, a fiberglass Delta aptly named </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>The
Obsession</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
those days were over. The federal program intended to make halibut
and black cod more valuable, safer to fish, and spare it from
inevitable extinction had taken hold. In what was blandly dubbed the
Individual Fishing Quota Halibut and Sablefish Program—or IFQ for
short—the feds sized up the fishery, diced it up into pieces like
pie, and gave boat owners with a history of fishing it a slice. Those
slices are today worth a combined $245 million, and many of the
people who received them became, quite literally, instant
millionaires. Their wealth is derived from a simple shift of
ownership from the public trust to them, accomplished, after years of
meetings, with a stack of paper and a few brisk pen strokes. It was a
move that created basic inequities in a system that has yet to right
itself.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Those owners, the ones who
were gifted the shares at the outset of the program's launch, own
that fish now—or, more specifically, they own the rights to catch a
certain amount each year. The program is designed to make them
eventually sell that quota as they get older and stop fishing. And
it's intended to land those shares in the hands of young fishermen,
as no one is supposed to be able to purchase quota unless they can
prove 150 days or more of commercial fishing experience. But the sad
truth is that few of those initial quota holders let go of their
shares. They're too valuable an asset to sell. And for the next
generation—who have to buy quota rather than receive it from the
government—catch shares are expensive, an investment on par with
buying real estate in a volatile market.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The result is that about
half the halibut caught in 2011 was dragged out of the sea by guys
who leased quota from these owners. Legally, the first generation of
quota owners are allowed to hire a skipper, like Painter or Bright,
and lease them the right to fish for their shares. That means
whenever Painter and Bright go fishing, they not only provide the
boat, pay the crew, and take the risk on the sea—they also pay rent
to their fishing landlords, who sit at home and collect a check.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The rent used to be about 50
percent of the value of the fish, worth up to $7.14 a pound at the
docks in 2011, to the owner. The deal has earned the owners nicknames
like "slipper skippers" and "mailbox fishermen."
Greedy as the practice can be, it's permissible, the government's way
of making the new program look and act like the old one, in which
seasoned fishermen traditionally hired skippers to helm their boats
as they aged out.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yet as the quota era of
fishing has taken hold, the stealthier and more opportunistic
practice of walking on has become a trend that stalks a fine line of
legality. Those who bought quota after January 1995 aren't allowed to
lease. They are supposed to sell as they retire instead, encouraged
to do so by a "boots on deck" rule that says they have to
be on the boat while their quota is fished, unless they own the boat,
or at least 20 percent of it. The idea was to transition the fishery
away from leasing over time. But while the goal of the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/North+Pacific+Fishery+Management+Council/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">North
Pacific Fishery Management Council</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">—one
of eight regional councils the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
uses to implement fish management—was that quota owners actively
participate in fishing their quota, they set no requirement that
those owners actually lay their hands on fishing gear. That loophole
let a leasing culture sink deep hooks into the halibut fishery.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">There are a few exceptions.
Some walk-ons still fish alongside their skippers and crew. Others
are young crewmen who buy quota as a guarantee of finding work, or
bought a little but can't afford a boat. And some are fishing widows.
But the remainder are visitors, industry retirees, tourists, or
investors. They don't fish. They simply walk on the boat, climb below
deck, and entertain themselves while others do the work.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"This last fella that I
leased, he was in his 80s," says Painter. "He would come on
board, read four or five books and watch movies, and that was about
it. He doesn't come outside."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But the lure of catching
someone else's quota hasn't been enough for Painter to stay in the
walk-on business. "When I'm catching somebody's fish for, say 40
percent, and we've got a fairly good-sized, comfortable boat, good
equipment, good food . . . it's hard for them to stay with me at 40,"
he says, because other skippers are constantly offering to catch fish
at lower rates. The pressure of a declining cut caused Painter to
concentrate on gray cod, only fishing his father's quota, and leaving
the business of walk-ons to guys like Jared Bright.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bright makes the bulk of his
money in other fisheries—a diehard who rarely takes time off, he
participates in six of them—but he fishes halibut and black cod
between shorter seasons for favorites like salmon and gray cod, where
fishing is still a sport, there's no landlord, and being good at it
is directly tied to his earnings.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Halibut and black-cod
fishing is sharecropping," he says, explaining why it's only a
sideshow in his fishing repertoire. When he does fish halibut and
black cod, he fishes walk-ons.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"If you talk to enough
people, you're going to run into a lot of stories about guys laying
in their bunk doing absolutely nothing. And that's just, I mean, it's
just the way it is. This guy owns quota, he comes out, he lays in his
bunk. You're out there working, and he opens the galley door and
says, 'Hey, will you come in and make me a sandwich?' " Bright
says. "It is frustrating, I guess, if you let it get to you."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">He did once, then quit. But
it was November, at the end of the season. And by the time the next
one started he was back to fishing walk-ons again, and right in time
to compete with those guys in embroidered shirts.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Mostly unknown</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
in the states outside Alaska and Oregon, the Old Believers are a
sea-savvy religious sect that lives in four unique communities around
Homer, Alaska. They are also an easy population to spot: colorful
embroidery is a hallmark of their culture.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">You can see them Sundays,
beautifully adorned in garments stitched by matriarchs. The women
wear long dresses. Men don't shave their beards. When those men take
to the seas, though, they do it in the same no-nonsense rain gear
that dominates the decks of the gulf. And lately, they've become a
powerful force in the long-lining industry.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Old Believers are
descendants of the religiously persecuted. Their forebears broke away
from the former Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century, refusing
to accept reforms meant to realign it with the more modern Greek
church. They fled to northern Russia and </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Siberia/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Siberia</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
to escape punishments for resistance that included being imprisoned
and burned alive. Though formally welcomed back to Russian society in
1905, many eventually fled to China during the Russian Revolution to
escape military duty and food shortages. By the 1950s, communism put
them on the move again. Many laid down roots in Brazil. Others later
landed in secluded communities on the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Kenai+Peninsula/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kenai
Peninsula</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
in the 1960s, where their observation of some 40 holidays a year has
since kept them out of regular jobs and steered them into the fishing
and boat-building businesses.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">That's true for </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Nicholas+Yakunin/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nicholas
Yakunin</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
who has fished for 42 years. His own life has cut a path that traces
the history of his people. The 57-year-old was born in China,
immigrated to Brazil as an infant, then moved to Alaska's Nikolaevsk
community at 14. With a lyrical Russian accent, he describes how his
first forays on the ocean started a year later when he and his
brother built their own boat, then learned to read nautical charts by
drifting away from shore and reconciling the lines with what they
found.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"At first the idea was
to try to live a subsistence type of life," says Yakunin, who
notes Old Believers came to Alaska for the isolation, finding their
traditions were too quickly eroded in Brazil. Instead, he says, they
found it difficult to raise crops, or even dairy cows. The men tried
the canneries and construction for work, and a few landed in a
boat-building shop in Homer. They learned the trade, and since then,
Old Believers' signature boats have dominated the Homer fleet.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">These are the boats now
running the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Blake+Painters/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Blake
Painters</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
of the world out of the walk-on industry.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In the past decades, Old
Believers have deftly moved into long-lining, an industry where their
geography, skill, and traditions have combined to make them nearly
unbeatable in competition for walk-ons and leases. Their business
model, often running family-centric fishing operations that rely more
on kinship than wages to attract crew, is one that for several years
has allowed them to undercut the 50-50 lease rate pursued by the
likes of Jared Bright. Their boat-building skills also eliminate boat
mortgages, and their typically small boats consume less fuel. They
also benefit from simple proximity: They are closer to the Gulf of
Alaska than much of their competition.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The result? Old Believers
pay rents as high as 75 percent to quota owners. They're still able
to make money, sometimes inching up profits by involving sons and
nephews, brothers and cousins—crew that can work for less.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"There's some degree of
prejudice against them because they can pay their son less than the
boat that's parked next door that is not a family operation and
actually has to hire someone," says </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Doug+Bowen/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Doug
Bowen</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
who brokers quota and permits at Alaska Boats & Permits in Homer.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yakunin, who typically pays
about 65 percent rent to quota owners, says sometimes the rates are
so competitive that even he can't compete, given his smallest boat is
about 18 feet longer than many. "If you provide the product for
less money, people will go there," he calmly reasons.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But mention Old Believers to
other skippers and crew, and they get feisty very quickly.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Why are the Russians
fishing for 25 percent? Why would you do that?" wonders Bright.
In 21 years of fishing, his business was built on hard work and
handshakes, on a reputation for catching fish, for coming home safe,
and for never having burned anybody along the way. This race to the
bottom in pricing negates that. He's bothered by the undercutting,
greed, and calls to his walk-ons from other skippers, offering to do
more for less. It hurts everyone, he says. He doesn't believe the
argument that quota owners would catch fish for themselves if they
can't find someone to catch it cheap.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">As fishermen grope for an
edge on the Old Believers, some sell their speed, professionalism,
and safety features to keep lease rates up. Increasingly, though,
they also tout luxury amenities, catering to walk-ons who simply
won't fish.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The long-lining season</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
starts in March, a time of year that typically begins with checking
lines and hooks in preparation for the tedious job of baiting. But in
the past few years, it's also had another opener: the brightly
colored fliers that solicit quota owners to walk on, advertising
big-screen TVs, massive DVD collections, quality grub, staterooms,
showers, saunas, and hot tubs.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thanks to an online list of
quota-share owners, finding them isn't tough. Nearly 80 percent have
addresses in Alaska, while the remainder dwell around the U.S.—a
substantial chunk of those from Washington state.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Vern+Crane/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vern
Crane</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
a 38-year-old boat owner from Yakutat, Alaska, says amenities are a
lure in hooking such owners, "especially with older people that
don't want to sleep in the bunks with a bunch of 21-year-old boys. I
try to keep the boat as nice as I can. And that's really all I've
got, because I can't beat the Russians' rate."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">His 58-foot steel seiner and
long-liner, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Viking
Spirit</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
has a washer and dryer, and is a member of a Sitka co-op that helps
him get top pricing on fish. He lets his walk-ons lounge in the
stateroom and, as an avid moose hunter, supplies them with meat they
can't get elsewhere.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Yakutat+Bay/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yakutat
Bay</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
it's a business model that works. The bay is sidled up against the
town of Yakutat, a former fur-trading and mining outpost inaccessible
by road and surrounded by parks and preserves, including </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Glacier+Bay/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Glacier
Bay National Park</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">.
Nearly a third of Yakutat's 656 current residents have commercial
fishing permits. More important to walk-ons, the town also has daily
jet service.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">That convenience combines
with the bay's supremely easy fishing to make Crane's business a
high-end, boutique version of long-lining. He can take walk-ons out
in a day and get their fish caught by the next.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Crane sometimes brings more
than one walk-on aboard at a time, not worrying about the
occasionally prickly dynamic that develops below deck.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I have a few that have
bought quota just because they have money, and they are absolutely
not fishermen. These guys don't even know how to tie a bowline,"
says Crane. "I've had a guy tell me, 'Look, I've got a tee time
on Wednesday, and I don't want to miss it at the country club, so we
need to hurry up and get these fish caught so I can get on the jet
and get down there because my golf game starts.' It's really hard to
go catch fish and be back exactly when the guy says, with no leeway.
It can be tough. And the guys that don't fish for a living are
especially a pain about that."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Alexus Kwachka calls these
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>the</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"downstream
effects of baron lordships."</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
His cynicism is hard-earned. A commercial fisherman from </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Kodiak/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kodiak</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
Kwachka serves on the advisory panel for the North Pacific Fishery
Management Council and has watched lease rates climb steadily in a
similar program for crab, where the vast majority of wealth has
shifted to absentee owners.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"The real story is
that you see the inheritors of a public resource that are extracting
the rents from the resource. It's unbelievable," he says.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
While the ownership programs were supposed to make the fishery
better, and have in some ways, "What we've done is we've created
these barons that are just sitting back, getting these returns on
something that they were given," he adds.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Many people still make a
business of fishing halibut, says Kwachka, who adds that the push for
catch shares, mostly driven by a need to preserve declining fish
stocks, isn't all bad. But he thinks policymakers have forgotten to
take stock of their negative social impacts, instead touting success
stories before hurrying on to remake the next fishery. Egged on by
NOAA, which made implementing catch shares a national policy in 2010,
and by environmental groups focused primarily on the impacts to fish
health, catch shares already control about half of the value of
federal fisheries. Another six are being considered nationally, while
dozens more fisheries are considered either overfished or have a
notably low population, making them ripe for catch-share
consideration. Catch shares are also being adopted in state-managed
fisheries.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Environmental+Defense+Fund/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Environmental
Defense Fund</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
which declined to comment for this story, is the nation's largest
supporter of catch shares, pumping millions into research, lobbying,
a catch share design center, and an interactive game meant to teach
people about the failures of the fishery management tools of old.
Other environmental groups, including The </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Nature+Conservancy/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nature
Conservancy</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
have since joined that effort, ultimately building a language around
catch shares that makes ownership rights synonymous with good
stewardship.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Reasoning that fishermen
with an ownership stake would logically invest in the health of the
fish, they promote ownership rights as naturally leading to healthier
conditions, and a stable supply of fish worth more money. The claim
that catch shares produce better outcomes for fish has proven true
more often than not, and they do lead to a steady, fresh supply of
fish. But catch shares benefit one class of fishermen, not all of
them. And absentee ownership, high lease rates, and ballooning costs
of entry are among the problems that have emerged.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Ecotrust,</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
a nonprofit foundation in Oregon that marries environmental goals
with social equity and economic well-being, is among a few agencies
urging more attention to the social fallout that follows catch-share
programs. "Catch shares have some serious issues that are hard
to deal with, but are important to deal with," says </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Ed+Backus/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ed
Backus</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
the organization's vice president of fisheries.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 2010, Ecotrust convened a
national expert panel to draft recommendations for how communities
could benefit from implementing catch-share systems. A year later,
after reviewing every catch share in the nation, the panel's primary
recommendation was that NOAA spell out how it would be accountable to
fishing communities and revise catch shares if they eroded the tie
between those places and their fishing cultures, or led to negative
economic effects—something they thought national law required.
Ecotrust has also launched its own nonprofit trust to help
communities fund quota acquisitions by locally based groups. But
speaking about the social inequities of such programs has had its
drawbacks in an environmental community that mostly promotes them,
especially when the latest head of NOAA is a catch-share proponent
and a former board director for the Environmental Defense Fund.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Backus says he's been
branded a catch-share opponent for urging reforms. </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Seth+Macinko/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Seth
Macinko</b></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>,
a former commercial fisherman and now a researcher and assistant
professor in the </b></span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Department+of+Marine+Affairs/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Department
of Marine Affairs</b></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>
at the </b></span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/University+of+Rhode+Island/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>University
of Rhode Island</b></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>,
has studied catch shares for 20 years. He has been similarly
criticized for suggesting a rather obvious but unpopular solution:
that the government lease fishing rights in federal fisheries, not
give them away. </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I'm
very disappointed that the American environmental movement is either
supporting, or just ignoring, the privatization of public resources.
I don't think you'd be seeing this if we were talking about
privatizing the public parks." The fact that the federal
fisheries are supposed to belong to Americans has been lost in
catch-share designs, says Kwachka, who adds: "Why the hell did
we do this?"</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=12547341" name="_GoBack"></a>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eighteen years ago, there
were several good reasons.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Norm Pillen, a 51-year-old
Washingtonian who started fishing halibut in a skiff in 1974,
remembers too well when the sea was so jammed with boats and
fishermen that the government only opened the halibut season for a
day to control the carnage each year.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"It got so crazy,"
he recalls. "There were so many people doing it and so much gear
in the water and so much wastage and so much lost gear. And top of
the issue was lost lives. I have many friends that didn't survive
those openings over the years. Mostly because when you have a 24-hour
opening, you're obligated to go if you wanted to pay for your
investment, and guys took a lot of risk."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dubbed the derby days, a
tsunami could have hit the water and fishermen would have still
rushed to sea. Pillen remembers his own boat rolling in a derby, the
weight of the catch shifting to the side of the boat on rough water,
and waves reaching over the bow, smashing windows as crewmen
scrambled to move the fish and right the vessel.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The outcome of such a season
was similarly hellish. Millions of pounds of fish would land on the
dock all at once, piling in totes while processors worked furiously
to keep up. The condition of such fish was mostly unappetizing, many
poorly preserved by boats that hadn't carried ice, opting to maximize
space for catch instead.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"It ended up putting a
lot of pretty poor quality product on the market," says Pillen.
Halibut hit the stores in frozen and annual spurts, a bottom-barrel
fish compared to today's juicy halibut steaks. Fishermen, for their
risk, were paid up to 80 cents a pound for it.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Since 1995, the season has
been lengthened to more than eight months, allowing fishermen to only
go fishing when it's safe. They have time to take better care of the
product, boosting the entire industry's value from $150 million in
1995 to $245 million in 2008, the last time anybody checked.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jared Bright says he doesn't
mind being a renter in an economy this robust. He says he has no hard
feelings about quota owners, and he means it. Though his cut of every
$28 pound of halibut is only 62 cents, his income from halibut and
black cod still makes up what most urban land-dwellers would think of
as a solid wage.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But Bright is unusual in
that he aggressively invested in a boat and gear to capitalize on the
most profitable fisheries. His combined income lets him afford a
house in </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Petersburg/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Petersburg</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
Alaska, and a condo in Seattle. He's also an investor in a
shipyard—Piston and </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Rudder+Service+Inc./"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rudder
Service, Inc.</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
in Petersburg—and in Silver Bay Seafoods, a fishermen-owned seafood
processor with facilities in three Alaskan ports. He'll likely
inherit quota in the next rationalized fishery: He has an extensive
fishing history in gray cod, which is all it will take to earn quota
if catch shares ever take hold. And maybe when he's older, he says,
he'll live in Arizona and become a walk-on.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Jessie+Gharrett/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Jessie
Gharrett</b></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
is the data manager of the Restricted Access Management program at
the </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/NOAA+Fisheries+Service/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">National
Marine Fisheries Service</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
a division of NOAA. RAM manages the halibut and black-cod programs
for the federal agency under the oversight of the North Pacific
Fishery Management Council (NPFMC).</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Among other things, RAM
supplies an endless stream of data about the performance of fisheries
in the North Pacific. Positive outcomes have included better safety
for fishermen, a stabilized market, and rising value of the fish. The
economic and social challenges weren't all foreseen, however. In
addition to creating the problem with walk-ons, the system has caused
some other unintended consequences. Most notably, many rural tribal
areas have seen their fishing histories evaporate as quota shares
migrate to larger, more affluent fishing towns. Not understanding the
challenges of buying them back, tribal members sold quota in lean
times and have since been unable to reacquire it. The hired-skipper
provision has also been abused by quota owners who fudge their
ownership in boats to avoid fishing.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"The reason the council
insisted on that is they didn't want landlord tenants, a feudal
system," says Gharrett. "They wanted the people who had the
quota to materially participate in the fishery. That was the basic
intent. They either want the individuals on board, or they want the
companies to maintain some kind of capital investment and risk."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The NPFMC has drafted a new
rule that requires boat owners to show ownership of at least 20
percent of a boat for 12 months before they're eligible to hire a
skipper. It is also pursuing a rule that would disallow hired
skippers for any quota acquired after Feb. 12, 2010, taming a trend
by initial owners to roll profits into new quota purchases rather
than pay capital gains. Councilmember Dan Hull sees this as an even
more pressing issue than walk-ons.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"We've had letters and
testimony from people who are not only no longer active fishermen,
but they have decided that they would use the IFQ program as an
investment vehicle for all their other funds," says Hull. "And
this person wanted to be able to continue to invest other funds and
use the hired-skipper privileges. It was a better deal than being in
the stock market."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">He anticipates those types
of investors will scatter as the general economy recovers, and stock
options look good again. Meanwhile, those issues have combined with
the rising value of the fishery to make it hard for new entrants to
buy into long-lining fisheries. Another challenge: Though catch
shares are supposed to better the fish stock, halibut hasn't fared
well so far, causing the value of each quota unit to drop annually
for years, making it a very unstable buy for anyone who has to borrow
money to get it.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nick Versteeg took out a
loan to buy quota in 2008, only to watch his quota drop in value
every year since. Still, his ownership share helps him land crew
jobs, which he needs to make his payments. For crewmen who don't own
boats or shares but opt to spend their careers on deck, the current
wealth of the industry masks an otherwise declining trend in wages.
First mate Kit Durnil says he doesn't want the financial risks of
boat ownership or the headaches of operating a vessel, but he's
worried that the wage trend is being ignored.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"When the wages started
going down, the price of fish has trended on going up," he says.
"Even though their wages might be going down and the pie is
sliced in a different direction and somebody else has their fingers
in it, it doesn't get as noticed, and that's why it gets accepted."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Jared+Caulfield/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Jared
Caulfield</b></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
was 8 years old when the halibut and black-cod catch share took hold.
Raised in </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Klamath+Falls/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Klamath
Falls</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
Oregon, he was hours from the nearest fishing town in a landscape
known more for its geothermal reserves than for surface water. He
doesn't remember a time when the pie was sliced any differently than
it was in 2010. That's the year when, after introducing himself to
Blake Painter, he got an offer to work a halibut and black-cod season
in Alaska. It was a saving grace for the then-23-year-old, who at the
time was staring down a layoff as a wildfire fighter and a $25,000
debt for a teaching degree that bought him no job prospects.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">His first season paid for
his college bills, and he's since made an average wage of $60,000 a
year. And while Caulfield is aware that someone else owns the quota
he's fishing, he says he doesn't quite know how they got it, or how
the numbers shake out.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I am thankful that I
actually have that job, and am able to have a cut of that," he
says.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">That mind-set, one in which
crewmen can't envision the top of an industry they won't climb,
worries quota owners like </span></span><a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/related/to/Rhonda+Hubbard/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rhonda
Hubbard</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,
who sees crews making just enough money to be content with a deck
job, but not enough to invest in quota or a boat, particularly as
lease fees take a larger and larger chunk.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"This is a conundrum
for me too," she says. She grew up fishing. Met her husband that
way. They have a direct-market fishing operation based in Seward,
Alaska, a boat with a processor on board, and work hard to treat
their crews fairly. When it comes time to divest, she'd like to do it
in ways that don't make deep pockets deeper. But finding a buyer will
be tough.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"I'm not about taking
this to the grave," she says. "For us to sell our
portfolio, we'd have to sell it to a high-financed group of people.
I'd like to see somebody grow into the profession."</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hubbard is among a few quota
owners who have lobbied to close the loopholes in hiring skippers.
And neither she nor her husband charges a lease fee for quota that's
already paid for, something a minority of quota owners—including a
sizable fleet from Seattle—have chosen to do to counteract the
industry's increasing greed.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hubbard says many quota
owners aren't tuned in to serious questions about how young people
will get into the industry when it comes time for them to take over.
There is only one small union to represent this new generation, she
says, and it's in Seattle, too far to represent the mostly Alaskan
crews. There are no standards to resolve disputes or wage claims,
either. Many crewmen simply aren't aware of how their options for
entry—and pay—have changed.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"This is what they do,
this is what they know, and there is no expanding them beyond their
cubicle on the deck," says Hubbard. "What is our succession
plan for the industry?"</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">She wants boundaries and
regulations. She wants a percentage of quota to be set aside for a
pool for qualifying, serious, first-generation owners. And she wants
quota owners who hang onto their quota the longest to contribute the
most to that pool.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lacking interest from the
young, however, the tough job of revising the program will be up to
the industry's current owners. They'll have to reverse course to
realize the once-lauded vision that made them inheritors of a public
resource. The one in which they were good stewards. Where there was
wealth for everybody. And where things turned out well for both fish
and people.</span></span></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<a href="mailto:news@seattleweekly.com"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">news@seattleweekly.com</span></span></span></a></div>
<div style="background: #fcfcfc; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>InvestigateWest
(</i></span></span><a href="http://invw.org/"><span style="color: #253c87;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>invw.org</i></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>)
is a donor- supported investigative newsroom in Seattle.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://www.seattleweekly.com/2013-01-09/news/sharecroppers-of-the-sea/full/">http://www.seattleweekly.com/2013-01-09/news/sharecroppers-of-the-sea/full/</a>
</div>
Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-60076363022925639872012-12-30T10:47:00.000-08:002012-12-30T10:47:21.886-08:00Frankenfish or DinofishShannyn Moore's latest column in the Anchorage Daily News on GMO fish started my gears grinding again. Not that I'd touch an 'Atlantic Salmon' with a ten foot pole with all the hormones and chemical therapies used to keep them alive in pens. Besides just not tasting right. I guess I'm like the small rodents that won't eat GMO corn. I sense some danger there somewhere, even when it's hot smoked.<br />
<br />
AquaAdvantage is counting on most people not being able to notice anything wrong with their new version of Atlantic salmon since nobody notices anything wrong with the current version. Of course, most folks haven't been a commercial salmon fisherman like me to have had so much top quality salmon readily available to consume than one person can tolerate. I admit it, I'm spoiled on good fish.<br />
<br />
There are some serious flaws with the hype to get this new GMO version of the Atlantic Salmon on the market. As for feeding the world, there is a snowball's chance in hell that any seafood at all will find it's way into Sub-Sahara Africa. In fact, there is a snowball's chance that it will end up on Appalachian dinner plates either. The U.N. figured tilapia would be 'the fish that will feed the world.' They were wrong. Just look in grocery stores, especially ones in third world countries.<br />
<br />
As for growing twice as fast: that means these fish have to eat twice as much. What are they going to eat? They like other seafood, and that takes food out of the mouths of other commercial species. If fed corn, wow!, you're feeding GMO feed to GMO fish, how awesome. Not. Tilapia fed corn is considered as inflammatory to the body as a breakfast of straight bacon. Remember, 85 % of disease is caused by inflammation. The Europeans did a lot of research on GMO crops and don't like even the thought of it. The research was damning. In this country, the FDA just uses the company's own research. How cute!<br />
<br />
The Federal Government may well allow open ocean feed lots for these fish as the way to get more profit back to the GMO community of companies, Monsanto included. I realize that saying this has no effect on the companies pushing the GMO wagon along. They have their own channels of influence to 'git 'er done.' And I have no insight into how to stop them except to point out what I think adds up to a danger to society and the environment.<br />
<br />
To start with, where would this stop if allowed to begin in animals? What kind of creatures could we begin developing? Would we develop hordes of flying Tasmanian devils that could rip insurgents, or American citizens, to shreds. Researchers certainly could get creative. My first concern was the fact that they use a growth gene from an eel to really get the pounds of meat on, and the bones and teeth and fins. Do they stop growing when at a nice market size, or do they keep on growing? Some other land animals like iguanas have this same trait. I think in the wild these organisms die before getting too big. Or do they just grow real fast and then stop at the right size?<br />
<br />
The dinosaurs had this 'grow big' trait too. Who's to say that these new fish wouldn't keep on growing if they found enough food. If a school of say 20,000 of them escaped, like often happens in the existing farmed salmon industry, there could be behemoth fish swimming all over the ocean eating who knows what. That is a question that you probably won't get answered. Even if these things are grown inland in swimming pools like catfish.<br />
<br />
While I was on a Kibbutz in Israel, they were raising fish in ponds, had tank trucks, a cold storage plant, etc. They said 'Moroccan Jews' from Beit Sean would sneak around and steal fish. Who's to say the same thing wouldn't happen with these fish, and they get put into the environment like starlings or Tibetan blackberry were in North America.<br />
<br />
If there is a big 'oops' and this gets out of control, the investors sure don't have to worry. The corporation just files bankruptcy, and they form a new corporation with a new name and keep right on chugging along. If that's even necessary. Has any corporation been sanctioned seriously for environmental disasters? Not so much. But recently looking at a list of 32 abandoned major cities in the world throughout history I'm reminded that being great, if indeed we are, doesn't mean we will last. And it was mostly bad leadership that did the places in.<br />
<br />
The citizenry now, as back then, are screaming to stop the insanity before it's too late. I have a bit of direct experience with eating food that isn't compatible with my health, yet is touted widely as saving humanity from starvation. Wheat. I went to a Naturopath a couple of years ago for peripheral neuropathy (skin going numb) and other skin problems I've had since childhood. He said I was intolerant of wheat. It took a year and a half to completely kick the wheat habit, but now a multitude of problems have corrected themselves. Food can easily be made to be toxic, yet be widely advertised as healthy and even subsidized to promote the consumption of such. Nobody can argue with that.<br />
<br />
I'll bet that the exiting head of the FDA, Lisa Jackson, is bailing out so she isn't implicated in this train wreck, and others in their realm. Let somebody else be in the wheelhouse when it goes off the tracks. In a way this started with Tyson's relationship with Clinton and Tyson's new ability to buy into Alaska's fishing industry, thanks to Clinton privatizing the fish resources with Individual Fishermen's Quotas. Now IFQ's are wreaking havoc on the marine environment and our fish supplies are dwindling and someone thinks we need a replacement source of fish. Just fix the fishing industry by ditching the privatization.<br />
<br />
Well, now that the system is cast in stone, like in the government would have to spend billions to buy out fishermen who bought quotas. The vastly fewer fishermen left, who won in the program, don't want change either. We have run our coastal economies into the ditch, but going into the other ditch isn't the answer.<br />
<br />
<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-27248439204006399662012-12-05T08:08:00.001-08:002012-12-05T08:08:38.407-08:00Forgotten Crewmen in the Sea of Privatization<h2>
</h2>
<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong> </strong><span style="font-size: small;">Shawn Dochterman rolled into our driveway one winter <span style="font-size: small;">day in Southern Oregon after visiting family in Germany and California. He had also just come from a speaking engagement at a WWII Veterans convention in Washington<span style="font-size: small;"> D.C. I loaned him a favorite book of explo<span style="font-size: small;">ration and cannery building in Alaska in exchange for his signed copy of a tome on Alaska history by a University of Alaska professor<span style="font-size: small;">. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">That loaner book <span style="font-size: small;">traveled</span> with him into the Bering Sea and was in peril when the halibut boat he was on took a rogue wave over the stern and he had to abandon ship in a survival suit. I'd heard about the sinking and the next day <span style="font-size: small;">I <span style="font-size: small;">received</span> a call <span style="font-size: small;">with him saying, <span style="font-size: small;">"John, don't wo<span style="font-size: small;">rry about your book, I threw it in my water-proof <span style="font-size: small;">duffel</span> bag before I w<span style="font-size: small;">ent over the side." Then he explained ho<span style="font-size: small;">w he and his crewmates fared <span style="font-size: small;">floating alone in that big body of stormy water. This blog post is a study of contrasts on who is really looking out for the he<span style="font-size: small;">alth of the fishing industry. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Shawn's article is suddenly <span style="font-size: small;">newsworthy for the National Fisherman magazine, as the East C<span style="font-size: small;">oast is feeling the shack<span style="font-size: small;">les of privatization. Alaska<span style="font-size: small;">ns <span style="font-size: small;">were sounding <span style="font-size: small;">warnings as far back as halibut and black cod privatization, and salmon limited entry before that in the early '70s. </span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Crab crewmembers in Alaska aren't the <span style="font-size: small;">drooling automatons that politicians would like to paint them as<span style="font-size: small;"> by the way they are treated. And of course you won't learn a thing about the social engineering in the Alaska king and snow crab fisheries from the 'Deadliest Catch' show. Shawn wrote this piece on his favorite fishery and I think it do<span style="font-size: small;">es the best job of <span style="font-size: small;">succinctly describing the train wreck of fisheries management at the hands of former U.S. Senator Ted Stevens, et al.. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Remember, Sen. Stevens famously said "Alaska is a lot closer to Japan than Washington D.C.," wh<span style="font-size: small;">en asked about his <span style="font-size: small;">machinations</span> in helping out his favorite fishing industry players<span style="font-size: small;">, some of whom <span style="font-size: small;">were Japanese investors. This is the model of f<span style="font-size: small;">isheries management that prevails today<span style="font-size: small;">, complete with all the original obfuscation, stonewalling, <span style="font-size: small;">deceit</span>, and flouting of the very body of law they <span style="font-size: small;">d<span style="font-size: small;">erive their authority from. This is no kind of authority that has the approval of We the People, and it<span style="font-size: small;">'s been going on since the <span style="font-size: small;">'200 Mile Limit Law' was enacted in 1976. It's no protection for the fish stocks and no protection for the coastal communities with their schools, stores<span style="font-size: small;">, churches<span style="font-size: small;">, home values and all.<span style="font-size: small;"> Privatizatio<span style="font-size: small;">n of the fisheries is <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">no different than past British colonization throughout the world and the use of <span style="font-size: small;">indigent</span> peoples to create wealth for them..</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><strong><br /></strong></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Forgotten crewman in the Sea of Privatization</strong></span><br /><br />The
Bering Sea Crab Rationalization plan has resulted in the Godzilla of
all privatization programs that leaves the labor portion of the industry
with the short end of the crabstick, while granting the quota holders
free harvest quotas and the ability to extract hundreds of millions of
dollars more in profits right out of the crews' pockets. <br /><br />This
program was planted into the federal register by U.S. Sen. Ted Stevens
(R-Alaska). In 2001 he asked the North Pacific Fishery Management
Council to decide if the Bering Sea crab fisheries needed to be
privatized and if the processors deserved some type of allocation, as
well. The council in June of 2002 passed a fishery management plan that
gave 97 percent of the active fishing privileges to LLP holders, a
pittance of 3 percent quota shares to crab captains, nothing to crewmen
and rights to processing companies that ensured they would receive 90
percent of the deliveries.<br /><br />There were protests at that June 2002 meeting, "What are we doing; is it even legal?" asked Robin Samuelson, a council member.<br /><br />There
were alternatives to give quota to crew in the documents, but the
council never even read them into the record. The advisory panel had a
minority report that predicted every problem that would be created by
rationalization, but Chairman Dave Benton skipped over it. The AP
members had to use their personal public comment time to read it into
the record. This shows that the council was not in compliance with the
standard operating procedures of the regional fishery councils and
deviated from being in compliance with the regulatory process.<br /><br />More
than 1,000 crewmen lost their jobs with this decision, and most of them
had been in the fishery for 20 to 25 years. Now about 420 jobs are left
in both the Bering Sea red king crab and opilio (snow) crab fisheries,
and most are being paid much less now because the quota holders have
control and charge exorbitant lease rates on quota for which they never
paid a dime.<br /><br />The normal rate of lease for king crab quota is 70
to 75 percent, while 50 to 60 percent is taken for opilios, and the crew
usually pay the 7 to 8 percent IFQ, buyback and administration taxes,
as well as all of the expenses after the quota holders have taken their
leases first. Before rationalization, on average crewmen made 6 percent
of the gross minus raw fish landing tax (borough), fuel, bait, and pot
loss, then their share of the provisions was deducted. If a crewman
makes 2 or 3 percent now, he is one of the lucky ones; many make only
1/2 to 1 percent.<br /><br />Crewmen as an aggregate used to receive 35 to
40 percent of the gross proceeds for crab minus expenses, but now they
receive 15 to 20 percent, while many quota shareholders do not own a
boat but take the lion's share of the profits. A publicly held common
resource has been privatized so an elite few investors can extract
profits.<br /><br />The 2002 council-preferred alternative for the Bering
Sea/Aleutian Island crab crewmen was a $3 million NOAA loan program that
allowed crew to buy quota. The program was initiated in October 2005
(the quota shares were issued to vessel owners), while the loan program
was not available until 2011. The approximate value of Bering
Sea/Aleutian Island quota shares is $1.2 billion, and the loan program
is supposed to make $5 million available to crew. One of the problems,
there is almost no crab quota available on the market for crew to buy.
Second there is no way to ascend in the fisheries to skipper or vessel
owner, as the quotas never have to change hands to active participants.
The families of those who inherit the quota can reap the profits as a
dynasty without ever stepping foot on a boat. So the crew is left only
with empty hands and hurting backs.<br /><br />The Bering Sea/Aleutian
Island rationalization program was written into law as a rider (November
2002), at the hands of Sen. Stevens, into the Consolidated
Appropriations Act of 2003. The environmental impact statement for the
program was not finished until June 2004. Chairman of U.S. Commerce,
Science, and Transportation Committee Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and
Subcommittee Chairwoman of Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast
Guard Sen. Olympia Snowe (R-Maine) wrote Sen. Stevens a letter stating
that they had jurisdiction of fisheries issues in protest to his
fisheries legislation that was being prepared to be inserted as end-run
legislation, to no avail.<br /><br />The council had the chance to collect
data on the crew, leasing of quotas, and profits to quota shareholders
in a motion to collect the legally required federal contracts and
reconcilable settlement sheets (that we've asked the council to collect
for five years) for all vessels over 20 tons and the reconcilable
settlement sheets for all the crew in a meeting in Seattle February
2012. But the council declined to collect this data even though their
own Science and Statistical Committee voiced that there was a social
contract to collect the data when privatizing a public resource. The
council received a letter from an attorney, Peter Van Tuyn, in April
2011 requesting that the council collect the necessary data on crew and
leasing for the rationalization program to be in compliance with
National Standards No. 2 and No. 4 that crewmen were never treated
fairly and equitably in the allocation process. The council never
responded to the letter or made an effort to collect the data.<br /><br />There
is also the issue of the restraint of trade as a result of the
regionalization of landings. There were eight processors in the northern
region of the Bering Sea. Now there are only two , which slows the
ability of the fishing vessels to offload their crab. The fleet will be
lucky to deliver all of the total allowable catch by the May 31 season
closure. The landing requirements (processor quotas) have forced vessels
to wait to fish so they could make delivery to their processor.<br /><br />Of
course our Alaskan delegation in Washington as well as the council tout
crab rationalization as one of the best catch shares fishery management
plans in the land. And to think that Alaskan catch share plans are
supposed to be the model for the nation. From a crewman's point of view
there is no light at the end of the tunnel, only a spotlight on corrupt
fish politics from Anchorage to D.C.<br /><br /><strong>Shawn C. Dochtermann</strong><br /><em>Kodiak, Alaska</em><br />
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Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-75867979767513159592012-12-02T07:10:00.000-08:002012-12-02T07:10:33.299-08:00Bycatch = Goodby CatchDear Ms. Bonney of Kodiak. Your theory about giving the National Marine Fisheries Service the "tool" sounds a little fishy to me. The 'tool' in your mind is that sledge hammer called privatization. The problem is that it's the absolutely wrong tool for the job, irrespective of it's 'killer capitalism' traits that kill the American dream for thousands of people, just to enrich your clients.. Like using a bowling ball to drive a tack into the wall. Maybe more like giving the class bully a garden hose to hose everyone real good. Just plain wrong on many levels.<br />
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What is becoming painfully apparent is that there is a finite amount of fish in Alaska. Now the halibut fishery, that famous by-catch of the Kodiak trawl fleet, is down 75% in the last half dozen years. And you want to reward the folks who have perpetuated it? The East Coast Canadians found this out when their cod stocks collapsed from deploying factory trawlers.. They didn't really start trawling on those iconic stocks until about the 1950s. Hook and line fishing had gone on there for about a thousand years prior to that. The early seafarers like John Calbot, a contemporary of Columbus, had found fleets of hundreds of Portugese salt codders. The Portugese had been quietly hauling back big sailing ships full of salt cod for hundred of years by then.<br />
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The problem is not which tool NMFS uses to manage the bullies, but what the ground rules of the game should be. Why is it that other gear groups aren't pursuing the Pacific ocean perch, that vast cloud of a resource that resides near the bottom out on 'the edge', unlike pollock? Is it because the ground rules don't give other gear groups an equal footing? I think it is. The rest of the strategy to keep competing gear groups away is to only offer peanuts for the POP at the dock. That way the little time that is given to longliners or pot fishermen is just about enough to cover fuel. It's just one malfeasance after another. I about gag when I hear the term good 'science' thrown around. About as much science going on in the Gulf of Alaska as the 'cow pie theory' in the Bering Sea. Chances are good that there is no stopping the resource slide that the rest of the continental U.S. has experienced.<br />
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Trawls aren't the only way to catch bottom-fish. The trawlers just got there first, and they aim to keep other folks out. As soon as they can get 'Qs', they will be hounding NMFS to up the limits on POP. And they can go WAY up, and so can the price. POP is almost a luxury item in Asia. Look at what the Japanese and Russians were catching in the sixties.Of course the foreign fleet knocked the POP down so bad they took all this time to come back.<br />
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Trawling reminds me of the old Greek fishing method of using dynamite, which was popular after WWII. I didn't see any fishing going on when I was there thirty years later. Remember, it was Jane Lubchenko's own contemporaries in Oregon who found that bottom trawling extinguishes 30% of the bottom species complex, much like using dynamite. And in some cases, like arrowtooth flounder fishing, going for the crap fish just to get to keep some valuable species as by-catch. Halibut not being one they can keep.<br />
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Ms. Bonney is strictly a trawl lobbyist, so it baffles me why she is quoted all the time in the press. Did they quote Jack Abramoff all the time? And don't bother asking NMFS what are the alternative gear types. They have had decades to forward their knowledge and they didn't. Maybe I should have shown a little more interest in moving to Kodiak back in the '80s when I was queried whether I wanted to go there and do gear research. I didn't go because I had seen enough to figure out that trawls were just wrong.<br />
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I had just invented an automatic baiting machine for the Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation. I've done a lot of private reading on gear before and since that. My brother and I got the first dedicated fin-fish pots in the water in Alaska in Clarence Straits for black cod in the mid '70s and pioneered the gillnet roe herring fishery. Both methods are selective for specie, and in the case of herring, size as well. There are places fishermen selectively fish for POP type rockfish. Remember, this is the pearl of great price for the trawlers; damn the rest of the fleet and the resources, full speed ahead..<br />
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Here's some more reading on trawl bycatch, from the front lines:<br />
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<b>Pollock trawlers exceed king salmon cap, driving debate</b><br />
<b>by James Brooks/ editor@kodiakdailymirror.comKodiak Daily Mirror</b><br />
<b>Nov 28, 2012</b><br />
Next week, the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council will consider a proposal to extend a cap on king salmon catches to trawl fisheries across the Gulf of Alaska.<br />
Intense debate over that proposal is being colored by the performance of the pollock trawl fishery, the sole group already operating under a king salmon cap.<br />
“Basically, the whole thing was a disaster,” said Julie Bonney of the Groundfish Data Bank, which advocates on behalf of trawlers.<br />
This fall, trawlers in the western Gulf of Alaska were put on a diet of king salmon for the first time. Under new rules, they were allowed to catch up to 5,589 king salmon in their nets as they pursued pollock, the fish that shows up in fish sticks and makes up the majority of Alaska’s seafood production.<br />
According to data from the National Marine Fisheries Service, western Gulf trawlers pulled in more than 8,300 king salmon —150 percent of the cap.<br />
That’s alarming, said Kelly Harrell, executive director of the Alaska Marine Conservation Council, which is in favor of king salmon caps for all trawl fisheries. “At a time when many of our Chinook salmon stocks are in crisis and literally every king counts, it is extremely disappointing to see data showing the Chinook bycatch cap has been greatly exceeded in the western Gulf pollock fishery,” Harrell wrote in an email.<br />
Under normal circumstances, western pollock trawlers would have been shut down as soon as they reached the cap. NMFS fishery manager Mary Furuness said that didn’t happen because few fisheries observers were assigned to western pollock trawlers and didn’t deliver data to NMFS fast enough for that agency to react.<br />
“It’s unfortunate,” Furuness said.<br />
Sport fishermen prize king salmon, which also fetch a high price in a small commercial fishery. This summer, fishermen in Cook Inlet endured abysmal king salmon returns that caused the federal government to declare a fishery emergency and residents to draft letters lambasting trawlers as the cause.<br />
NMFS failure to keep the pollock fleet within regulatory limits raises doubts about the federal agency’s ability to impose similar caps on non-pollock trawlers, Bonney said. She pointed to a portion of NMFS’ own analysis, to be presented next week.<br />
“NMFS’ ability to manage Chinook salmon PSC limits in the (Gulf of Alaska) nonpollock fisheries is likely to be difficult,” that analysis states in part.<br />
Thursday, November 29, 2012<br />
3:34 PM<br />
Unfiled Notes Page 1<br />
"... is likely to be difficult,” that analysis states in part.<br />
AMCC advocates a cap of 5,000 fish for nonpollock trawlers, and Harrell said if NMFS gets good data, a cap can be managed successfully. “Limits on bycatch are critical, and fishery managers have an important opportunity to put a cap on Chinook bycatch in non-pollock Gulf fisheries where there currently is none. However, accurate, timely and increased observer data is essential to ensuring bycatch caps are meaningful," she wrote in an email.<br />
Bonney, meanwhile, advocates rationalizing the Gulf of Alaska groundfish fishery, a process that would assign each boat an individual catch quota.<br />
Without rationalization, Bonney said, NMFS doesn’t have the tools to address the king salmon problem in either the pollock fishery or any other kind of trawling. “We don't have the infrastructure and the management tools to manage to that kind of precision,” she said.<br />
The North Pacific council is scheduled address nonpollock trawl fishing caps Thursday afternoon in Anchorage. Additional information is available at the council website, www.fakr.noaa.gov/npfmc/.<br />
Contact Mirror editor James Brooks at editor@kodiakdailymirror.com.<br />
Read more: kodiakdailymirror.com<br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-70144754263390033762012-11-08T21:57:00.000-08:002012-11-08T21:57:04.203-08:00Fishermen/scientists"Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) supports greater involvement of
fishermen in the stock assessment process and encourages fishermen to
work with scientists to ensure that their knowledge and experience add
to our understanding of these valuable resources." What a novel idea. Kind of like the Mel Gibson soldier/farmer of Revolutionary War days.<br />
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It would have been nice, though, if they had listened to a lot of people telling them to slow their roll in their mad rush to push through catch shares in the first place. Now that their big idea has back-fired they are backpedaling like crazy. Nothing the Fishery Management Council system does is grassroots-based, or scientifically done. This is a push for a major departure from the Ted Stevens model.<br />
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For heaven's sake, how could you get anything done in fisheries management without having everything cooked up before-hand? At the moment you have a NMFS who just wishes fishermen would go away. At least the bulk of them. Just plain pesky folk. Now, to embrace them as fellow problem solvers? What a paradigm shift. But a necessary one.<br />
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A shift that the nation as a whole needs to take to democratize the money. Right now it's all being sucked out of the veins of America and needs to get back in. Otherwise parts of the whole all over the country will start to die off due to lack of circulation. Just remember the concept of gangrene. Nobody will be safe it it sets in. Everybody should be watching real close for areas that it looks like people are being sucked dry.<br />
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The western part of Alaska along the Bering Sea has been particularly sucked dry. And they were subsistence hunters and fishers. All the help from the federal government is being sucked out of them by corporate interests. All the mineral resources are being sucked out of their area without benefiting them. On top of that their traditional means of staying alive is being clear-cut.<br />
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I had a dazzling array of topics on my mind for posts here, but they keep floating past like a slowly drifting ducks in Blind Slough, Mitkof Island, Alaska. This just isn't going to work for long: the guys out fishing gotta tell what they know. And no fudging the facts. That won't work for long either. People aren't worried about some arcane tax cliff we might theoretically fall off. It's a cliff of irretrievable consolidation of the money and the natural resources. It's not good public policy to let the dollar keep stretching to buy the necessities. Consolidators figure they will always have enough 'stuff' when it starts to lose it's value. It's hard for the public, who policy is for, to see how bad they are being corked.<br />
<br />
There really isn't any choice but to engage everyone. After all, that's what they teach in civics class. Not that they have any of those anymore. But this has to be very widespread. They could make it so you get a tax rate reduction the more you contribute to something that is doing some good, like doing stock surveys. But we would need a good fact-checker on what is good, kinda like the moderator in the Presidential debates. Naturally fishermen would be bringing back documentation of findings of a scientific nature. That kind of contribution is worth something, and is probably a lot more efficient than government expeditions. <br />
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Suddenly there is an army of fact-checkers. There isn't an association here' fudging on it's membership, or a lobbyist/governor there, or a Council of cronies over there, etc.(I have to say my ancestors created a monster in their effectiveness at conquering the wild North Pacific and it's bounty of delicious food in a winner take all contest.) A lot of methods they used and are still using are wholly unsustainable. I don't get paid anything to say this, so I hope it will be fairly compared to contrary estimates of 'sustainability certifying' outfits that get paid hundreds of thousands of dollars to pitch their claims.<br />
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As a father, I'm really concerned that I can fix up my Marine son's Civic before he gets back from the whole radiation control effort he was in in Japan and then serving in Afghanistan. For having to take the 'purple pill' in Northern Japan, I think he deserves something more than what pins on a uniform. I tried to do this with my oldest son's old Mustang while he was serving his two hitches in Iraq. I just couldn't finish the job in time. These things concern me most.<br />
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We're in this big human pack and family is important. Not that we compare ourselves to wolf packs or anything. We have the distinction of being able to encompass the entire pack with our caring. I did mention, 'being able to,' not a guaranteed trait. And the difference is of paramount importance to folks that I wish were more numerous. I guess the number of people willing to be a farmer/soldier will tell what kind of success will have staying on the top of the cliff.<br />
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<br />Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-19923092085731649292012-10-23T08:49:00.000-07:002012-10-23T08:57:31.601-07:00Trident Attacks Capitalism in Court<div class="yiv414945126MsoNormal">
The fish processing COMPANIES in the North Pacific have been trying to convince everyone for years that they have a God-given RIGHT to gain POSESSION of the fish resources. Nevermind that these companies go through boom and bust business cycles, where they eventually fall out of favor with God. Most of the time it's because they fish the stocks down to nothing and move on like a Bain corporate harvesting machine. </div>
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Amid all this phony talk of <a href="http://tholepin.blogspot.com/">sustainability of the fish resources in the North Pacific</a>, I will repeat that the shrimp stocks are gone, the king crab in the Gulf of Alaska and the Pribilof Islands are gone, the Alaska king salmon stocks are hammered, the coral and sea whip beds in the GOA that shelter juvenile fish of all kinds are gone, the big pollock school behind Kodiak Island is gone, and countless genetically distinct salmon and Pacific cod races are down to a few fish. The processors have shown their true colors in regards their concern for anything but their year-end bottom line. They actually showed their colors consistently in the sixty years or so before Alaskans could stop them from using fixed fish traps that required no fishermen at all.</div>
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This fall the deal made behind doors between the Kodiak trawlers' lobbyists and who knows who is that the trawl companies will get harvesting rights to perpetuity. Look at it from their point of view. The heat is building to rectify their mass destruction of bottom habitat, juvenile halibut, crab, salmon, etc, all thrown overboard dead as bycatch. (God forbid anyone should do an economic analysis on the value of just one baby female halibut thrown overboard vs it's 140 lb adult average weight that maybe laid eggs a whole bunch of times.) <u>Wa la, the North Pacific Council suddenly puts catch shares on the table to make this possible</u>. This was never discussed in public prior and the few voices of opposition in that stacked Council process, aka, 'The Council Family," will routinely be muzzled. Been happening since Ted Stevens helped set up the racket.</div>
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Another bit of background; as the Rockfish Pilot Program completed it's five year trial marriage between fishermen and processors, the Council finally rectified a wrong. It took back the mandatory linkage with about 12 active trawlers in the GOA. Now the trawlers can sell to the highest bidder. Wow, what a novel idea! But, capitalism can be bent by anyone who has the money to bend it. Yes, I've become a realist, but I haven't lost MY sense of fairness and willingness to do my civic duty.</div>
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Now, some of the fancy big processors don't want to pay market price for the fish. So they get an in-house junk-yard dog to harass the courts into giving them back their gravy train. Trident's last salvo at the courts talked about how magically and excessively the processing capacity increased the day after the linkages were broken. At that point I lost interest and stopped reading their filing, but others forged ahead through the muck. </div>
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Here's what some of my readers had to say;</div>
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"Yeah, John. The funny part is to ask
exactly why Plesha is writing this affidavit. A clear attempt “to reach
the judge’s mind” of some kind. If I were a half-way savvy judge, I’d
say it reads a lot like a complaint that profits are not going to the
buyer, and say “so what!” There’s some real hash in the use of the word
“rents”. </div>
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I
consider the thing to be a deceptive lie, a lie by omission, and a
deflection (another lie type) as well as a decrying (that’s another part
of lies).</div>
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Obviously,
Plesha felt he HAD TO write it. So, that’s good stuff. Apparently the
pressure is on. Duh, do ya think so – after reading the government’s
response on the Summary Judgment basis. I don’t see, however, how this
could fit into an Appeal later, as the Court would have to make a
mistake. What’s to mistake about ignoring greedy businesses and their
“all the profits for me” attitude. It’s already illogical, as Joe must
be talking about non-cash basis variable costs coverage etc. He ought
to use the words “cash only breakeven point” if it applied. But
obviously, in the meanwhile, they sure seem ready to pay higher prices
on rockfish – gee, like a fraction still of what the price should be."</div>
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""Felt he had to.. " is dead on. They see this as a loose thread that could unravel the whole fabric of processor quotas."</div>
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"The large processors and their
lobbyists to the NPFMC are simply trying to create a script, then have
everyone read from that script. The Council staff is not inoculated
against this propaganda, and retains no true independence and balance of
what’s equitable for all. That staff does not have to concern itself
with the Alaska that you and I live in. They keep their jobs by
welcoming that echo chamber of catch shares that subsequently fund
millions to keep their jobs rolling along, while real fishermen lose
their jobs by the hundreds."</div>
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"That lawsuit from Trident was really a paean to fascism. Brought to mind
the title of an otherwise regrettable late night movie, <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surf_Nazis.jpg" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1350953094184_2007" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1350953080_0">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surf_Nazis.jpg</span></a>> The film is post apocalyptic fantasy, a fitting metaphor for Tridents Gotterdammerung filing."<br />
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As a P.S. I have to say that the governing bodies in the Kodiak Borough and City that approve of all of this are exhibiting the same willful ignorance that climate change deniers exhibit. The amount of destruction just can't be imagined, so why think about it? In a Machiavellian defense of Kodiak authorities, the German people did the same thing once.<br />
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Oh, and don't get me started on WHO the processors are hiring to man their Alaska plants, and where the rudely preserved fish is sent for value-added processing. As an indication, Sen. Begich, R - AK, is sponsoring a Bill to continue the Immigration program that allows foreign students to come here and work for practically nothing. Joe Plesha, Trident Seafoods attorney, would have kept any of his remaining integrity if he had just said, "Please, Your Honor, help us continue our exponential business expansion at all costs to society and the environment. My company made me say this."<br />
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Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-15322739705691906902012-10-17T07:58:00.001-07:002012-10-17T07:58:25.763-07:00Human rights abuses in the Bering Strait<div>
<span> Is there a second crossing of the Bering Strait of a foreign culture, or is it a home grown one? What do you call a regional culture that would persecute someone for trying to start a proven economic development engine? An engine that the rest of Alaska's coastal communities rely on already and has for decades. Western Alaska is no small place, and it has LOTS of people, and they have goals and desires like you and me. Dreams that can be dashed by the tens of thousands by a Congress that turns a blind eye. Below is an exchange of letters I recently had with a Nome resident and highly successful economic development type. Who also just had a home invasion, by a policeman wielding a taser gun. </span></div>
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<span>Not an isolated incident for Nome. Out of control law and order in support of a feudal paradigm. Decent Alaskans can thank their oil-lobbyist governor for the unraveling of civil society in support of mega resource extractors, and they can only cross their fingers that the police won't invade their own homes. I do have faith that Alaskans' self-preservation instincts will kick in and they will elect leaders with the normal human desire to uplift others. Just like in this election cycle, a barely concealed 'Never give a sucker an even break' candidate vs an incumbent who inherited an economy wrecked by the same crowd and is accused of the mess by virtue of his being the top guy. </span></div>
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<span>I could sure see what Obama was talking about last night; trying to get the crazy out of the schools and families by heavy support. </span><span>People will either use pencils and flashlights, or they will use
pitchforks and torches. I would rather my heirs not have to use the
latter.</span></div>
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<span>(To a friend of mine in Nome, AK) </span></div>
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<span>"Stuff" is happening all over, as Joe Biden would say. The Romney
health plan is mathematically impossible, according to a research
institute, and of course the President. If it's too complicated for o'l Mitt, it's too complicated for
voters. They will just go on his looks, just like folks did with Sarah.
You've got people running things and voting all over who are like the
woman who was advocating on a radio program that they should move the
deer crossing signs from where deer are
getting hit a lot. She said they should put the deer crossing signs at
school crossings so the deer and drivers will be more safe.</span></div>
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<span>It
doesn't surprise me that NSEDC leadership is afraid of Tim. Don't know
if I told you of the time at a NPFMC meeting in Portland where one
ancient fish politico scooted away from my gaze like a hermit crab on
steroids, crouched down and all. I turned around and looked right at him
is all. Didn't say a word or even approach him. I see all kinds of
precedents being set up there in Western Alaska that lowers the bar by
leaps. If it can happen there it can happen anywhere. Maybe court-protected backstabbing like this will
catch on in other legal jurisdictions as a way to keep dissenters in
their own homes. Like in "prohibited from being 500 feet from any person
with dark hair." They could say anything, like in Citizens United.</span></div>
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<span>The solution for us is a big very efficient boat to escape in, because down the road
somewhere the price or availability of fuel may be problematic for getting around on land or sea. The bigger the boat the less sustainable it is, especially
fishing boats. Factory trawlers are the ultimate unsustainable
investment. You could do a study on that. Even PEW now thinks that the
catch share system back East is broken. They should admit it was broken
at the start like a lot of us marine types warned. </span></div>
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<span>There is ample proof that the CDQ groups are intent on
depriving the populace of Western Alaska an opportunity to provide for
themselves. It has been a de facto depopulation tool for people of all
stripes; Native leaders, resource extractors from around the world, and
unsavory local characters. Greed is going to seed fast and let the record show that the Kotzebue court is another one that is in on it. <br />
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<span>Communities all over coastal Alaska are losing population, and
even being abandoned. Although the fear of falling
out of favor with these predators has been enough to cow
large numbers of people. Remember when Pittsburgh lost half it's population to lack of attention to the future of the steel industry? That was about the number of people that live in Alaska today. This may be the piece that needs to be
written by someone.</span></div>
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John,<br />
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Tim got back from Kotzebue. At the last CDQ board meeting as you
know Tim got booted. Then a restraining order filed on him in Kotzebue.
Hearing was today. Dan Harrelson testified under oath to his fear of
Tim. The Court commended his bravery in being a man admitting fear. Fear
of prison no doubt with psychosomatic symptoms. But the little squirt
did appear terrified apparently. Academy Award #1!<br />
Then J. I. on the phone literally weeping. There is a persistent
background rumor around the community she's been getting first and
second opinions from some of the best neurosurgeons in the lower 48 for a
brain aneurysm or ism's. <br />
<br />
This once healthy person is skinny now, utterly ruthless, displaying
little emotion, except when fear of destitution and public exposure
intervene. A casual perusal of the literature points out brain aneurysms
are often symptomatic of cocaine abuse. Great emotional grist for
courtroom histrionics. Academy Award #2!<br />
<br />
The protective order was inevitably extended for 6 months by the Court.<br />
The attorney was aglow. Warmed by orchestrating the embers of
defamation & degradation. Eerily, at total peace with herself. Yale
is a great institution after all. It gave us George W. too. Best
Supporting Actress!<br />
So NSEDC is free from the burden of consciousness for half a year.
Free to let their reptilian minds swim freely in a sea of greed without
distraction.<br /> The only freedom left is economic freedom; as long as you can afford it.<br />
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Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12547341.post-11295838736586416972012-09-20T13:18:00.000-07:002012-09-20T13:18:58.374-07:00NOAA's Secret Science NOAA locking the files on the science it uses must be the kind of thing we need to help send us over the fiscal cliff, so we can learn something? Shades of the world of the Western Alaska Native. Their CDQ groups have been doing this to them for 20 years, pissing away the cash in an orgy of spending. In NOAA's case, it's giving public marine resources to favored patrons for nothing. The other half of our double benefit is, drumroll please: destroying the marine ecosystem. If you haven't lived where this goes on, don't automatically disbelieve this.<br />
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If you have a passion for the marine environment, along with the land and air ones too maybe, or make a living from the sea, or live in a town by the sea, this stuff about NOAA should be extremely important to you. Like I said before, I know at least one Alaska mayor who is trying to find out why the seafood industry is going to pot. This is what is going on. I wonder how many marine ecology/management professors keep up on this kind of thing. They should, so students can see what kind of 'science' field they are getting into. The NOAA led 'science' of fisheries management is taking it's cue from W.C. Fields, the famous comedian whose motto was, "Never give a sucker an even break." <br />
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This kind of thing was certainly going on as far back as Alaska's territorial days and the Washington D.C. sanctioned salmon traps, in case anyone is tempted to blame Obama for it.<br />
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From: <b class="yiv787987568gmail_sendername">Patrice McDermott</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:pmcdermott@openthegovernment.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1348088642_0">pmcdermott@openthegovernment.org</span></a>></span><br />
Date: Tue, Sep 18, 2012 at 10:53 AM<br />Subject: sign-on opportunity -- public access to info essential for marine fisheries management<br />To: <a href="mailto:FOI-L@listserv.syr.edu" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1348088642_1">FOI-L@listserv.syr.edu</span></a><br /><br /><br />
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11.0pt;">Attached
please find a letter about the National Marine Fisheries Service’s
(NMFS) proposed rule regarding confidentiality
of information under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
Management Act (MSA). The proposed rule would improperly restrict
public access to many types of fishery data central to the public’s
ability to understand the management and performance of
fisheries, including information generated from tax payer-funded
science. As drafted, the proposal undermines the MSA’s public
participation requirements, and is inconsistent with federal policies on
scientific integrity, transparency and openness in government.
The implications of this rule are significant for maintaining
transparency in management decisions and providing a level playing field
among managers, non-governmental scientists and the general public. The
letter urges NMFS to withdraw this flawed proposal
entirely and replace it with one that ensures public access to
fisheries information.</span></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: bold;">→
</span></span></b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11.0pt;">To sign on to the letter –
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">with your name & organizational affiliation</span></b> –
<u>reply t<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">o</span></b></u> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="mailto:JGordon@pewtrusts.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1348088642_2">Joseph Gordon</span></a> by 7pm EST October 16<sup>th</sup>.
</span></b></span></span><br />
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<u><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11.0pt;">Background</span></span></u><br />
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Every
year, millions of taxpayer dollars are invested in fisheries management
including the collection of data by professional observers on fishing
vessels. These
observers collect data about what fish are caught, where, and how
fishing damages other ocean wildlife. This information is essential for
citizens to understand the impacts of fishing on our public trust
resources, and to meaningfully participate in fishery
management to help ensure the effective conservation of ocean fish,
wildlife, and ecosystems.
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Specifically, this proposed rule opens the door to:
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span>§<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font: 7.0pt;">
</span></span></span></span></span>Requiring the public to ask
permission from private fishing permit holders who have a direct
financial stake to access essential information about fishing and its
impacts on ocean wildlife, even when the data collection
is funded by taxpayers at $40 million per year. <br />
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span>§<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font: 7.0pt;">
</span></span></span></span></span>Potentially providing
information to the public in an “aggregated form” that could disguise
specific impacts of fishing on our public trust resources. The proposed
rule essentially asks us to accept that the government
will develop procedures for making the information public in a useful
form. The proposal does not describe how data will be aggregated --
Americans have a right to know how NOAA Fisheries proposes to do this
and whether NOAA Fisheries’ procedures will enable
the public to fully understand and participate in protecting our ocean
resources.
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">NOAA’s
proposed fisheries data rule would significantly restrict the public’s
access to fisheries data, including publicly-funded observer programs.
</span></span>The proposal would undermine the extensive public
participation envisioned in America’s ocean fishing law, the
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA), and
could erode scientific integrity, transparency, and openness in
government.</div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Please excuse duplicate postings. Please feel free to share this post –
<u>including</u> to whom to reply for sign-on.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Best,</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Patrice</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Patrice McDermott, Executive Director</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.openthegovernment.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1348088642_3">OpenTheGovernment.org</span></a></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=12547341" rel="nofollow">202.332.6736</a></span></span>Alaskacafehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07287813394824547601noreply@blogger.com